Fertilizer measures for green food vegetables

Organic fertilizer, also known as farmyard manure, refers to natural fertilizers that are locally sourced and accumulated in rural areas. These fertilizers come from a wide range of organic materials, including animal waste, plant residues, and other biodegradable substances. Almost any material containing organic matter can be transformed into organic fertilizer through proper composting. The use of organic fertilizers is one of the most effective methods for maintaining soil fertility in the production of green vegetables. One of the key characteristics of organic fertilizers is their high content of organic matter and balanced nutrients. Unlike chemical fertilizers, they release nutrients slowly over time, providing long-term benefits to the soil. When combined with chemical fertilizers, they can enhance nutrient efficiency while reducing overall input costs. Organic fertilizers not only help increase vegetable yields but also improve the quality of the produce. Additionally, they contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection by improving soil structure and promoting biodiversity. However, it's important to note that different types of organic fertilizers have varying properties. For example, horse manure is considered a "hot" fertilizer because it generates significant heat during the decomposition process, which can help raise soil temperature. On the other hand, some organic fertilizers are "cool," such as cow dung, which decomposes more slowly and produces less heat. There are also "warm" fertilizers like chicken manure, which fall between the two in terms of heat generation. It’s crucial to choose the right type based on the crop and season. Another challenge with organic fertilizers is their bulky nature and high moisture content, which can make them difficult to transport and apply. They often have lower nutrient concentration compared to synthetic fertilizers, so larger quantities may be required. Moreover, untreated organic waste can contain harmful pathogens and parasites, making it essential to properly compost or treat the material before use. In terms of application, organic fertilizers are typically used as a base fertilizer during soil preparation. If large amounts are available, they can be mixed into the soil during plowing or tilling. If the quantity is limited, they can be applied before sowing or planting and then incorporated into the soil. Before digging trenches or holes for planting vegetables, fertilizer can be placed directly into the trench or hole and then covered with soil. During planting, fermented human urine, poultry litter, or oil cakes can be mixed directly into the planting hole or furrow and blended with the soil, a practice known as "seed fertilizer" or "mouth fat." Organic fertilizers can also be used as top dressing. During the growth period of vegetables, they can be scattered on the surface of the soil and watered in, either naturally or through irrigation. Alternatively, fertilizer can be placed in small ditches next to the plants, covered with soil, or added directly into holes dug beside the plants. Another method involves dissolving the fertilizer in water and applying it through irrigation systems. This ensures even distribution and efficient nutrient uptake by the crops.

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