At present, there are numerous pesticide formulations available on the market. Some of them have different names but serve the same purpose, while others may have similar uses but differ in application methods. As a result, pesticide users must carefully choose the most suitable formulation based on factors such as the type of crop, target pests, available application equipment, and environmental conditions during use.
In China, the variety of pesticide formulations is still relatively limited, with spray formulations being the most commonly used in both production and application. Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and wettable powders are widely adopted, while suspension concentrates also hold a significant share of the market. From a pharmacodynamic perspective, these three formulations exhibit distinct characteristics that affect their performance and suitability for different applications.
First, emulsifiable concentrates generally offer better efficacy compared to suspensions and wettable powders, making them the preferred choice when using the same active ingredient. For foliar fungicides, oil-based formulations like EC are often more effective, especially since many fungicides rely on water film penetration rather than oily solvents. In fact, organic solvents can sometimes hinder the movement of active ingredients into plant cells. Therefore, in such cases, suspensions or wettable powders may be more appropriate. When it comes to herbicides applied to foliage, the waxy layer on weed surfaces requires formulations with good wetting and penetration properties. Emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, and suspoemulsions are commonly used, but wettable powders and suspensions can also be effective. For soil or mud applications in paddy fields, granular formulations are often preferred due to their ability to mix well with the soil.
Second, suspension concentrates are increasingly seen as an alternative to emulsifiable concentrates. While they may not match EC in terms of efficacy, they perform significantly better than wettable powders. This is because the particles in suspension concentrates are much finer, and the additives included help improve adhesion to the target surface, thereby enhancing overall effectiveness. As a result, suspension concentrates are becoming a popular choice for many agricultural applications.
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