The panicle-necked rice blast, also known as the "hanging neck and neck ridge" disease, is one of the most serious rice diseases in our county during the later growth stages. Last year, this disease caused significant losses in several towns and villages. Currently, Hayabusa and high-quality conventional rice varieties are particularly vulnerable. In areas where hybrid rice (such as Ganyou 725, Gangyou 177, and Fengyou Xiangzhan) is commonly grown, leaf blast has already started to develop, creating a large reservoir of pathogens that can lead to severe panicle blast outbreaks. To prevent further damage, all localities must take this issue seriously, adjust their working styles, avoid complacency, implement strong control measures, and effectively manage the spread of the disease to ensure a bountiful rice harvest.
**Trend Analysis**
It is estimated that this year’s panicle blast will be moderately severe with localized outbreaks, affecting about 50,000 mu of farmland.
**Factors Contributing to the Outbreak**
1. **Susceptible Rice Varieties**: None of the rice varieties currently cultivated in our county have strong resistance to rice blast. This makes them highly prone to infection. Field surveys show that the incidence of the disease is increasing, and with a large number of susceptible varieties being widely planted, it serves as a continuous source of infection.
2. **Abundant Pathogen Sources**: Last year, the disease was widespread and caused heavy damage. A large amount of infected rice straw remained in the fields. According to surveys, the average seed infection rate was 6.9%, while the infection rate in rice straw reached 10.1%. These conditions create favorable environments for the development of rice blast.
3. **High Leafhopper Populations**: Yexian County is currently experiencing an outbreak of leafhoppers, with 16 towns affected over 8,000 mu of land. The high population of these pests leads to a buildup of pathogens in the fields, which increases the risk of late-stage cervical blast.
4. **Favorable Weather Conditions**: According to meteorological forecasts, more rainfall is expected in July, which will promote the occurrence and spread of panicle and neck blast, increasing the potential for severe damage.
**Prevention and Control Recommendations**
1. **Timing of Application**: The tillering and booting stages are the most vulnerable periods for rice. If temperatures range between 20–30°C, especially 24–28°C, and humidity remains above 90% with prolonged cloudy and rainy weather, the risk of panicle blast is highest. It's crucial to apply preventive measures before the heading stage—ideally within the first 10% of the ear formation period. In southern towns such as Zhonghe and Luodu, applications should begin in late June to early July, while other townships should start from late July to mid-July. For key plots like experimental fields, disease-prone areas, and seed production bases, a second application should be made 5–7 days after the first. However, it is essential not to delay beyond the heading stage to ensure effectiveness.
2. **Targeted Areas**: Focus on regions where panicle blast has occurred frequently in the past, as well as areas with existing leaf blast or diseased plants. These locations require special attention and timely intervention.
3. **Pesticide Use and Dosage**: Apply 75% Fengdeng at 20–30 grams per mu, or 40% Fuji No. 1 at 100 ml per mu, mixed with 45–50 kg of water for conventional spraying.
**Important Notes**
1. **Timely Application**: Prevention is key. Applying pesticides during the break-to-heading period is critical for success. Delaying treatment until full heading may result in lower yield and higher losses.
2. **Avoid Spraying in Windy Conditions**: Do not spray when there is strong wind, as it reduces the effectiveness of the pesticide.
3. **Proper Application Technique**: Ensure enough pesticide and water are used, and spray evenly across the ear area to maximize coverage.
4. **Rainfall During Treatment Period**: If it rains during the treatment period, remove the dew after the rain stops and apply the pesticide immediately to maintain its efficacy.
(Yuechi County Plant Protection Station)
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