1 Introduction
Rice, fish, and plentiful mixed-breeding model is a paddy field-based, rice-producing center, and a new model of paddy field production through fish farming, arborea, etc., to form a multi-level utilization cycle of biological symbiosis and nutritive substance in the rice field system. In recent years, on the basis of it, many new forms have been devised, such as the rice-shrimp blending model and the rice-crab hybrid model. It is characterized by the use of fish to control the hazards of diseases and weeds. It stimulates the growth of rice through the stimulation of fish and pods, and it has the advantages of improving the ecological environment and saving the cost of labor. This model is of great significance for promoting rice production, achieving agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' income, and protecting the agricultural ecological environment. However, the investment in this model is relatively large, and the product price is greatly affected by the market, so the risk is relatively high. This model is suitable for paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and is particularly suitable for the application of pollution-free rice production bases and green high-quality rice production bases.
2 Mode cultivation techniques
2.1 Mixed Cultivation Specifications
Rice: Plant 30-33 million holes per hectare and 1.2-1.5 million basic seedlings per hectare.
Fish: mainly large-scale fry, usually 4-5cm per hectare cast 7500-12000 fry or l0cm long fry 3000-4500 tail.
Ping: Put 1500 kilograms per hectare.
2.2 Variety selection
Rice: Choose middle-maturing or mid-late-maturing, stem standing upright, resistance to fertilizer, resistance to moisture, disease resistance, and high yield in the case of baking.
Fish: Choose the type of fish suitable for polyculture and feeding, such as squid, squid, grass carp, squid, and squid.
Ping: Generally, the spring is dominated by low-tolerance, fine arborvitae, and the over-summer is dominated by high-temperature kazhouping.
2.3 Timelapse and restocking schedule
Arbor placed Ping Mu in the middle and late April and added it in June. Early rice is planted from late April to early May and harvested in late July. Late rice is planted at the end of July and harvested at the end of October. The fry are generally released in the middle and late May and harvested in late October.
2.4 Field Management Points
In rice, it is necessary to fertilize basal fertilizer and skillfully apply topdressing fertilizer; to reapply farmyard manure, to apply chemical fertilizers. Fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer can also be top dressing, fertilizer for base fertilizer is appropriate. If the amount of basal fertilizer is large, put some rice paddy water in the pot before putting the fish. If the fish will not die after 10 minutes, you can put a lot of fry on the paddy field. Fertilizers for topdressing should be noted several times, and appropriate deepening of the water layer to keep the fish fry safe.
Pest Control. In order to ensure the safety of fry, high-toxicity pesticides such as rotenone, dichlorvos, and toxaphene, which are highly toxic to fish fry, cannot be used. Antibiotics such as carbendazim, jinggangmycin, and rice bran can be used to control rice diseases. When spraying, in addition to deepening the water layer, the water-based pesticide should be sprayed with the sprayer facing upward after the dew is dry; the powdered pesticide should be applied when the dew is not dry, so as to minimize the drug falling into the field.
Fish, supporting facilities. Before raising fish, increase the height of the field to more than 50cm. Open the field-shaped fish ditch in the paddy field. The fish ditch is 40cm wide, and the ditch is 30-40cm deep. Each intersection is used as a fish pit, and the length, width and depth of the fish pit are each 100cm, and the water outlet is A double-layer barrage is provided. The first layer has a slightly larger gap and the second layer depends on the size of the fry.
Feeding, adhere to the "four set" method, that is, set the quality, do not feed rotten metamorphosis bait; quantitative, in order to finish within 3 hours after delivery; time, every day, 8-9 am, 4-5 pm When feeding each time; positioning, generally set in the field two fixed feed points, and a simple food table under the water.
Water management, the management of paddy field water layer after fish farming is very important, generally before the jointing of rice, the water level is 3-5cm higher than the field surface; after jointing, the water level gradually rises to 7-10cm above the field surface; the water level will be raised immediately after the rice is harvested. More than 30cm of field surface, you can catch the fish into the product. Delivery ratio. General carp, carp accounted for 70%, grass carp accounted for 20%, carp, carp accounted for 10%.
In the same day, arbutus fertilization, application of phytoplankton, and expansion of phytoplankton were performed with 1.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, and 1125 kg of thiophanate-0.075 kg per hectare, and sprayed once again in the afternoon of the next day.
Field management. After planting and rearing fish, it is imperative to implement sparsely thin pods, and to set “skylights†at intervals. The occupant area of ​​“skylights†should be 20%-30%; at the same time, it should be good at controlling diseases and insect pests.
Manual regulation. During the April-May period, Caozhou Ping grows rapidly and can be properly picked up and dried for use when fish bait is insufficient in July-August.
Precautions
(1) The rice is planted at a proper time and planted in a proper way.
(2) Pay attention to water and fertilizer management and try to use biological control to ensure the safety of fish.
(3) Observe the fish in time to avoid widespread infection.
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