Seed Preparation: Prior to sowing wheat seeds, ensure that the germination rate is at least 85%. For optimal results, spread the seeds evenly in a layer about 3 to 7 centimeters thick before sowing. Allow them to dry for 1 to 2 days. If the sunlight is weak, you may need to extend the drying time slightly. This process enhances germination rates and potential. Additionally, before planting, mix seeds with pesticides like 50% phoxim emulsion or 40% ethyl isothiocyanate emulsion to combat underground pests. A ratio of 1 kilogram of pesticide to 50 kilograms of mixed wheat seed (500 to 700 kilograms) is recommended. To protect against diseases such as black blast and sheath blight, use "Silk Hour" or "dimethoate" as seed dressings. For instance, mix 10 grams of 2.5% "Clark" with 10 kg of water to treat 250 grams of seeds, or use 12.5% diniconazole wettable powder at 2g-3g per 10 kg of seeds. Seed coatings not only deter pests and rodents but also promote even, robust seedling growth, reducing the need for additional soil treatments.
Soil Treatment: Before plowing, apply 6% lindane powder or 2 kg of methyl isoflurocarb granules per acre on the soil surface.
High Standard Land Preparation: The ideal soil preparation involves the principles of "deep, clean, fine, solid, and flat." All fields should undergo deep plowing, with a cultivation depth of 7 to 8 inches. Post-machine plowing, the field should be leveled, ensuring proper tilling, drilling, compacting, and final leveling to eliminate large clumps and ensure good seedbed conditions.
Moisture Content: Before sowing, the soil moisture content in the top 20 cm layer should be around 20% for clay soils, 18% for loamy soils, and 16% for sandy soils, as per NY/T52 standards, to ensure adequate germination.
Sowing: In northern regions, early winter wheat fields should be planted with semi-winter varieties between October 5th and October 10th. Late-sown fields should use weaker spring varieties and be sown after October 15th. The sowing depth should be 3 to 4 cm, with an even distribution to enhance germination rates. The seeding rate varies based on variety; semi-winter types require 6 to 8 kg per mu, while weak spring varieties need 8 to 10 kg per mu. This ensures the desired number of basic seedlings per mu (135,000 to 165,000) and wintering populations (600,000 to 700,000).
Field Management: After sowing, compact the soil to ensure seeds are in close contact with the soil, aiding germination. For sparse patches, replant with pre-germinated seeds and water as needed. Cultivation should occur 2 to 3 times during the winter and early spring, focusing on protecting the soil after irrigation. Deep cultivation should be about 3 cm. For overly vigorous wheat growth, apply paclobutrazol or similar agents to control excessive vegetative growth. Chemical weed control is effective using 0.2% to 0.25% 20% dimethyl tetrachlorohydrin or 75% superstars for dicotyledonous weeds. For monocots like hardgrass, use 25% isopropyl alcohol wet powder. Early spring applications are most effective from late February to mid-March.
Fertilization: Base fertilizers should include organic matter and essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Additional winter and spring fertilizers should be applied as needed, with urea being the primary source. Late-stage fertilization involves spraying urea or monopotassium phosphate solutions.
Watering: Pre-sowing irrigation is crucial. Winter irrigation should be combined with top-dressing. The second winter irrigation should occur in late November to early December when temperatures drop to around 5°C. Fields should be irrigated if soil moisture falls below 18% (16% for sandy soils). Jointing and booting stages require careful watering to ensure adequate moisture levels for grain filling.
Pest Control: Regular monitoring and timely application of pesticides are essential for managing common wheat pests like sheath blight, powdery mildew, and rust. Triadimefon and Jinggangmycin are effective for controlling sheath blight, while carbendazim targets scab. Aphids and other pests can be managed with omethoate or anti-inferiority WP formulations.
This comprehensive approach ensures healthy wheat growth and maximizes yield potential through meticulous care and attention to detail.
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