Causes and Preventive Measures of Malnutrition Caused by Watermelon
China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Institute of Fruit Research Zheng Gaofei Secretary General of China Horticultural Association, Secretary of the Watermelon Melon Committee Ma Yue
In the process of production, watermelon often suffers from problems such as difficulty in sitting and eating, resulting in a decrease in yield and commercial quality, which directly affects the income of farmers. As a result, disputes between watermelon growers, distributors and producers often occur. I think that the phenomenon of fruit settling and malformed fruit appearance in watermelon is not related to the quality of watermelon seeds. The main reasons are as follows: first, abnormal weather conditions; second, improper management of fertilizers and water, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizers; third, poor pollination of pollinating female flowers during watermelon flowering; and (4) poor understanding of the characteristics of varieties and failure to achieve good breeding methods.
First, the cause of malpractice in watermelon
1, encountered unusual weather conditions.
In the fruiting period of watermelon flowering, the occurrence of adverse weather conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, rainy weather, and drought will cause abnormal growth of the watermelon plant, resulting in weak growth of the plant, incomplete or thin growth of the ovary, drastic growth of the plant, and excessive melon growth. Difficult, melon late, malformed fruit problems.
2. Improper management of fertilizer and water, large amount of nitrogen fertilizer
Watermelon in the growth period if the improper management of fertilizer and water will make the plant malnutrition, stems and leaves take longer, resulting in falling flower or melon. In particular, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is insufficient, it is easy to make plants longer to reduce the rate of sitting.
3, watermelon pollination pollination female flower poor pollination.
During the flowering period of watermelon, if the temperature is lower, the activities of unfavorable insects will affect the pollination of insects and reduce the rate of culturing. This kind of melon field should be artificially assisted in pollination. If the female flower pollination is uneven, it will cause low fruit setting rate and fruit deformity. problem.
4, is not enough understanding of the characteristics of the species, failed to achieve a good law.
The understanding of the characteristics of watermelon varieties is not enough, and cultivation management cannot be performed according to the characteristics of the varieties.
Second, improve watermelon fruit set rate, reduce the deformed fruit measures
1. Cultivate and manage according to the characteristic characteristics of the varieties. For the new varieties, the new varieties should be gradually expanded on the basis of experiments to achieve a good seed breeding method so as to achieve the purpose of high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
2. Proper close planting to ensure that the air and light are properly planted according to the characteristics of the varieties and cultivation methods. In the protection of the cultivation to increase light as much as possible, can be used without dropping the membrane or timely clean water inside the membrane to increase light transmission.
3. Coordinating the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth Do not apply nitrogenous fertilizers in a partial manner. Pay attention to controlling fertilizer and water management during flowering to prevent the growth of watermelons. Can be used to control the pressure vines, sprains and other fruit nodes.
4, to create the right temperature Watermelon fruiting temperature is 25 °C, the lower limit is 18 °C, so the watermelon should be kept in a 25 °C environment.
5. Artificially assisted pollination During the flowering period of watermelon, the second or third female flower is selected. The flower stalk of the female flower should be stout, the ovary is hypertrophied, and the ovary develops well and the color is greenish. On sunny days, they should be selected at 7-9 am. On cloudy days, artificial pollination should be conducted at 8-11 hours. When pollination, the male flowers that bloom and loosen on the same day should be picked. Petals should be gently removed and a few clicks can be made on the female styling. Pay attention to evenly. Pay attention to the cap on rainy days. Waterless watermelon, seedless watermelon, and protected watermelon must be artificially pollinated.
6, reasonable pruning generally retain 2-3 vines.
7, the hormone preserves the melon to be difficult to breed the species, can sit in the flowering period with the melon spirit or other hormone to preserve the melon.
8, timely control of pests and diseases to reduce the impact of external factors on fruit set.
9, to prevent burns when the young can be used when pruning stems and weeds cover the young melon, to protect the young melon, to prevent malformation and falling flowers, melons have a certain role.
Attached: About the author: Zheng Gaofei, a researcher of the Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and an expert on government special allowances of the State Council, is mainly engaged in research work on watermelons and melons. Ma Yue is Secretary-General of the Professional Committee of Watermelon and Melon of China Horticultural Association.
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