How to plant a small eggplant

The area of vegetable production in China has experienced rapid growth, leading to a near-saturation of the market for traditional vegetables. In response, some farmers are exploring new income sources by cultivating unique and niche vegetables such as pocket vegetables, flower vegetables, and other specialty crops. These emerging options offer exciting opportunities but also require specific cultivation techniques and knowledge about their characteristics. In response to reader interest, this edition will provide detailed guidance on these new types of vegetables in the coming weeks. Today, we begin with the cultivation techniques for pocket eggplants—small, versatile, and increasingly popular in both local and export markets. **Early Spring Cultivation Techniques** To successfully grow pocket eggplants in early spring, farmers typically use greenhouses or other protected structures like plastic sheds, small arches, and windbreaks. The choice of facility depends on the region and the level of insulation required. In northern China, solar greenhouses are commonly used. Sowing usually takes place in early November, with seedlings being transplanted in mid-February after 110–120 days of growth. Plastic greenhouses, on the other hand, see sowing around mid-December, with planting in March and harvesting in May. For more basic setups like windbreak Yangshuo, sowing is done in late November, with planting in late February and harvest in late April. Electric hotbeds are ideal for seed germination, especially in colder regions. A power density of 100 watts per square meter is recommended. Seeds should be pre-treated 5–7 days before sowing: soaking them in warm water (50–55°C) or a 1% formalin solution for 15–20 minutes, followed by rinsing and drying. They are then wrapped in gauze and placed in a constant temperature box at 30°C during the day and 18°C at night for germination, which takes about 5–7 days. Sowing should occur in the morning, ideally following a few warm days. The soil should be moistened to a depth of 10–12 cm before sowing, with 7–10 grams of seeds per square meter. After sowing, cover the seeds with 1–1.5 cm of soil and cover with plastic film, using grass mats at night for additional warmth. During the seedling stage, maintain daytime temperatures between 25–30°C and nighttime temperatures between 16–20°C. Once the seedlings emerge, gradually lower the temperature to prevent leggy growth. Keep daytime temperatures around 25°C and nighttime temperatures around 15°C. Seedlings grown in cold beds take 60–80 days, while those in hotbeds take about 30 days. Before transplanting, harden off the seedlings by increasing ventilation and lowering temperatures. This helps improve their resilience. Transplant when the ground temperature at 10 cm depth reaches above 12°C. Plant spacing should be 40–50 cm apart, and the planting depth should be slightly deeper than the original seedbed. After planting, cover the area with plastic film and use grass mats at night to retain heat. During field management, ensure proper insulation, clean the plastic film to maximize light, and maintain a daytime temperature of 25–30°C and nighttime of 15–20°C. After the seedlings acclimate, reduce the temperature slightly but keep it above 25°C during the day and 15°C at night. During the fruiting stage, maintain a temperature range of 25–30°C during the day and 15–18°C at night. Use shading and ventilation to control the environment. On sunny days, allow natural light exposure for 5–6 hours. During the harvesting period, extend light exposure as much as possible. When outside temperatures rise above 20°C, remove the plastic film temporarily to allow full sunlight. Harvesting should occur before the "sola" (the point where the sepal meets the fruit) closes. The best time to harvest is in the early morning or late evening, as midday heat can cause the skin to darken and reduce storage life. **Varieties of Pocket Eggplants** 1. **Feather Black Mouth Pill**: Small leaves, high stem, short internodes, and branches that open up. The fruit is long and oval, dark purple, weighing about 10 grams. It ripens very early, 10 days after flowering. 2. **Shan Zichang Long Eggplant**: Semi-upright plant, more lateral branches, large leaves, and short internodes. The fruit is slender, 15–16 cm long, weighing 50–55 grams. 3. **Bride Eggplant**: Strong growth, short and medium open plant, blue stems, lavender flowers, early fruiting, and long-lasting yield. The fruit is straight, 18–22 cm long, 3–3.5 cm in diameter, and weighs about 90 grams. It has white at the base, light red vertical stripes, and pure white flesh. It is early maturing and resistant to bacterial wilt. 4. **Pill Eggplant**: Fruits weigh less than 50 grams, available in various colors including purple, black, white, green, and red. The shape is round or oval. **Winter Cultivation Techniques** Winter cultivation requires well-insulated solar greenhouses. Sowing typically occurs from late August to mid-September, with transplanting into greenhouses from late October to early November. Harvesting begins around mid-December and continues until the following year. Nursery beds should be built in windbreak areas or small arch sheds. Seed treatment and sowing methods are similar to those used in early spring. After seedlings emerge, they should be transplanted promptly and weeds removed. At 1–2 true leaves, seedlings can be divided, spaced 10 cm apart. Shade should be provided during midday to prevent sunburn. Watering should be done every 5–7 days, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Soil should be loosened 2–3 times, and compound fertilizer applied every 10–15 days at 100–150 kg per hectare. During winter seedling development, initial temperatures are high, requiring ventilation or shading. As temperatures drop, cover the seedlings to protect them from cold. Five to seven days before transplanting, reduce ventilation and maintain temperatures similar to early spring conditions. Before transplanting, prepare the field by applying organic fertilizer at 75,000–100,000 kg per hectare, along with 750 kg of superphosphate or compound fertilizer. Create raised beds 13 cm high, 50 cm wide, and 60 cm apart. Plant two rows per bed, spaced 38 cm and 50 cm apart. Mulch after planting and water thoroughly. Field management includes maintaining good light conditions by cleaning plastic films and covering late if needed. Temperatures should be kept between 25–30°C during the day and above 15°C at night. Additional measures like adding small arches or spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate can enhance cold resistance. During spring, ventilate when temperatures exceed 30°C. In summer, open all vents and use shade nets to cool the greenhouse. Fertilizer management varies by season, with different application rates depending on the growth stage. Finally, proper harvesting timing is crucial to avoid nutrient depletion and ensure continued growth and fruiting. Harvest early to maintain plant health and productivity.

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