In early spring, as the earth awakens from winter's chill, temperatures gradually rise, and family bonsai roses begin to show signs of new growth. To ensure a vibrant bloom later in the season, proper care and management are essential.
As rose plants start to sprout around mid-March or later, it’s crucial to prepare them for the coming season. In areas where roses are overwintered, you should remove any protective coverings, allow fresh air into the growing space, and water the roots gently. If your roses are kept indoors during winter, opening windows slightly allows them to gradually adjust to the warming climate outside.
Preparing the right soil is key for healthy growth. For cuttings or young seedlings, a mix of three parts garden soil, one part sand, and one part decomposed compost works well. The soil should be loose, well-draining, and rich in organic matter to support strong root development.
Repotting should be done before new roots fully emerge—ideally between mid-March and early April. When moving the plant, handle it carefully to avoid damaging the roots. Gently remove the plant from its pot, trim away some of the old soil, and keep only the healthy root mass. Cut off any diseased or rotten roots. Use a slightly larger pot, add a layer of coarse gravel or broken tiles at the bottom for drainage, then fill with fresh soil. Water lightly after repotting and place the plant in a spot with indirect sunlight.
Roses thrive in full sun, so they need at least 4–5 hours of direct light daily. In early spring, when mornings and evenings are still cool, it’s best to move potted roses outdoors during the warmest part of the day—around 10 a.m.—and bring them back inside by 2–3 p.m. This helps raise the soil temperature and encourages faster growth.
Pruning in spring is important to shape the plant and promote healthy blooms. Remove any leggy or overly long branches, leaving 1–2 buds on each branch. For grafted plants, remove any unwanted buds that may grow from the rootstock. Be mindful of the direction of growth to maintain an attractive, compact form.
After watering, repotting, and fertilizing, give the plant a thorough watering. From then on, water based on the soil’s moisture level—never let it dry out completely, but also avoid overwatering. Water in the morning or late afternoon, using water that is slightly warmer than the soil. Avoid fertilizing for the first month after repotting. Once new growth appears, apply a diluted liquid fertilizer high in phosphorus once a week.
With consistent care, your roses should begin blooming beautifully in mid to late May, showing vibrant and colorful flowers.
To prevent diseases and pests, spray the plants with a 0.5% lime sulfur solution after repotting and pruning. You can also use a general-purpose fungicide. Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and scale insects. For aphids, brush them off with a soft brush or spray with 40% dimethoate or dichlorvos. For spider mites, place a lit mosquito coil in the pot, cover it with plastic, and leave it for an hour to suffocate both adults and eggs. For scale insects, gently scrub them off with a small brush or cotton swab. A homemade mixture of 1 kg water and 20–30 grams of chili pepper has also shown effectiveness against various pests and diseases.
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