Bonsai landscapes are not complete without the inclusion of plants and flowers. As the saying goes, "The stone is stubborn, but the tree is alive." The vegetation in landscape bonsai plays a crucial role in enhancing the sense of realism, balancing the composition, and creating depth and layers. It brings life and harmony to the miniature world, making it more visually appealing and natural.
When planting on rocks and hills, it's essential to select dwarf seedlings with strong root systems that can adapt easily. Small-leafed species are preferred, as they maintain a proportional balance with the size of the stones. The placement of plants should not be too dense; instead, they should be strategically scattered to highlight the rock formations. Moss should only be allowed to grow in low areas, while any moss on raised surfaces should be removed to keep the focus on the natural texture of the rocks.
In bonsai landscapes, the integration of trees with the terrain is vital. Trees placed at the top of hills should be short and have well-pruned branches to mimic the look of mature, compact growth. Trees on the back of hills should be upright and open, while those on the slopes should be straight and evenly spaced. On cliff faces, trees should appear aged and twisted, showing resilience against harsh conditions. At the base of the mountain, moisture-loving species are ideal, as this mimics natural vegetation patterns and makes maintenance easier.
For planting methods, if using loose stones, it's best to preserve natural cavities when shaping the rock. These holes should be located on the sides or back, with a narrow entrance and a wider interior to conserve soil and support plant growth. For harder stones, artificial cavities can be created during the gluing process. Ideally, these cavities should extend all the way to the bottom for proper drainage. If not possible, a small drainage hole should be added at the bottom to prevent waterlogging.
If making cavities isn't feasible, an alternative method involves wrapping the roots of the plant in moist soil and securing them to the back of the rock using brown paper or string. This allows the plant to grow out from the side of the stone naturally. Plants on rocks can often absorb moisture through their roots and don’t necessarily need overhead watering. However, if there’s difficulty in maintaining moisture, regular watering is essential to avoid drying out.
Lastly, the selection and arrangement of plants in bonsai landscapes must be thoughtful. Proper plant pairing enhances the overall aesthetic and ensures a balanced, realistic appearance. With careful planning and attention to detail, every bonsai becomes a living masterpiece.
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