Green pepper rot in greenhouses is a major challenge for many vegetable growers. This issue can be caused by various factors, including improper management and the spread of diseases. To effectively manage and prevent this problem, it's essential to implement comprehensive strategies that focus on improving cultivation practices and disease control. Here are some effective measures that have been widely adopted:
**Agricultural Practices and Environmental Control**:
One of the most important steps is maintaining proper temperature and humidity levels within the greenhouse. Traditional ground irrigation methods are often used, and thermometers are placed at both ends of the structure to monitor conditions. During the day, the temperature should be kept between 23°C and 27°C, while at night it should range from 16°C to 20°C. The relative humidity should be maintained between 70% and 80%. When outdoor temperatures exceed 15°C, gradual ventilation should be introduced, starting with small openings at the bottom of the shed. Every two meters, a vent should be created using brick supports shaped like an A. As temperatures rise, additional vents at the middle and top of the greenhouse should be opened, or shade nets should be used if necessary. Proper air circulation is crucial to avoid moisture buildup.
**Manual Disinfection Measures**:
To prevent the introduction of pathogens, disinfectant pools made of lime are set up near the entrance and buffer zones. These pools are kept moist and refreshed every 15 days to ensure effective sterilization before entering the greenhouse. Workers should wear latex gloves and use scissors that have been soaked in disinfectant when handling the peppers. Additionally, a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution is used to disinfect tools after picking infected fruits, reducing the risk of spreading bacteria.
**Fertilization and Humidity Management**:
Applying phosphate and potash fertilizers can help improve plant resistance. Spraying the stems and leaves with a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, at a rate of 30 kg per mu, once every seven days, has proven effective. In addition, spreading wheat straw or bran (3–5 cm thick) between the rows helps absorb excess moisture, reducing humidity and limiting disease development.
**Chemical and Disease Prevention Strategies**:
After the initial growth phase, regular spraying with fungicides such as 64% Ridomil (400 times dilution), 72% Metalaxyl-Manganese Zinc (500 times), and 72% Dithane (700 times) is recommended, with applications every seven days for 2–3 times. For gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), 20% Green Emperor (400 times) is used, while 40% Wowlings (400 times) is effective against Sclerotinia. For soft rot, 77% Copper Oxychloride (700 times) and 72% Agricultural Streptomycin (3000 times) are alternated during early flowering and post-harvest periods. Anthracnose can be controlled with 75% Chlorothalonil (400 times) or 70% Thiophanate-methyl (800 times), with 300 times New Wansheng applied directly to affected areas. For cotton rot, 64% Antivirus (400 times) is sprayed on sunny days, while on cloudy or rainy days (humidity above 85%), 20% Slow Steamed Moth (250–300 g per mu) is fumigated in the evening. After sunrise, the vents should be opened to ventilate the greenhouse thoroughly.
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