Orchard-based basal fertilizer refers to the application of slow-release or semi-delayed organic fertilizers to late-maturing fruit trees after harvest, often combined with some readily available nutrients. According to surveys, in northern regions, many fruit growers do not apply base fertilizer before or after fruit harvesting due to practical constraints or traditional habits. As a result, the timing for applying base fertilizer is often delayed from autumn until the budding and flowering stages in the following spring. However, the author believes that applying basal fertilizer in the fall remains the most effective approach.
The Benefits of Autumn Fertilization
1. Promotes the decomposition of organic matter: In autumn, both air and soil temperatures are still relatively high, creating ideal conditions for microbial activity. This accelerates the breakdown of organic materials in the soil, releasing essential nutrients that fruit trees can absorb more effectively.
2. Aids in root recovery: Autumn is the third peak period for fruit tree root growth, when root activity is high, and new root hairs develop rapidly. Any damage caused by fertilizer application, such as root wounds, heals quickly during this time, reducing the risk of pathogen infiltration and improving the tree’s disease resistance.
3. Enhances nutrient uptake and storage: After applying basal fertilizer in the fall, the decomposition of organic materials and the addition of nutrients help replenish what was lost during fruiting. This supports the restoration of tree vitality and the accumulation of nutrients, which is crucial for winter survival and cold resistance. It also prepares the tree for the next growing season by supporting flower bud differentiation, flowering, fruit set, and the growth of new shoots. Studies show that between late September and early October, 60.7% of nitrogen is distributed to the roots, with much of it going to buds and the base of leaves, as well as to emerging leaf buds. Autumn fertilization also increases the levels of amino acids in new shoots, which is beneficial for overall tree health. Long-term trials on apple trees have shown that fall application of basal fertilizers improves germination quality, fruit set, and fruit quality.
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