The cultivation of garlic mulching can greatly improve the conditions of its growth environment, and it has a good effect of increasing production and increasing commodity rate. Yudong garlic area adopts this kind of cultivation method. According to the experiment, cultivating with plastic film can increase garlic production by 30%, garlic sprouts increase production by 25%, and the primary product rate (ie garlic bulb diameter above 55mm) can reach over 85%. The cultivation techniques are as follows.
First, apply base fertilizer, soil preparation
Compared with general cultivation, mulching film cultivation has a more developed garlic root system, enhanced fertilizer absorption capacity, and strong plant growth. It needs to supply sufficient nutrients, but it is inconvenient to apply the basal fertilizer after covering the film. Generally, about 4,000m2 of organic fertilizer is applied per 667m2, and 50-60kg of compound fertilizer is used for garlic. After the cultivating, the cultivating and cultivating are performed uniformly. The sorghum is cultivated after flattening. The sorghum is usually cultivated in the production. The length is generally 10-15m, and the width of the surface is 1.3- 1.4m, bottom width 30cm.
Second, the selection and treatment of species flap
There is a close relationship between the size and quality of garlic and its yield. To select the petals, fresh and bright, no injury, no pests, no pests, no peeling garlic petals for the species flap. Sorghum planting according to size and grade, so that the plants grow neatly. Before sowing, use 50% carbendazim WP to make 500 times water solution. For every 100 kg of diluent, 100 kg of pods can be immersed. After 24 hours, remove the petal pods and dry them, dry the surface moisture, and sow immediately. This can not only effectively inhibit the growth and spread of internal and external pathogens of garlic, reduce rotten flaps, increase the rate of emergence, but also promote root growth, so that garlic sprouts robust, yield increased.
Third, sowing film
The suitable sowing date for the mulching cultivation in the east of Henan is from late September to early October. Sowing too early, adverse wintering, sowing too late, poor cold resistance, affecting production. When planting, first open the ditch at a row spacing of 20cm, depth 8-10cm, press the 8-10cm spacing between the plants, sowing depth 3-5cm, about 30,000 per 667m 2 sowing. It is required that the depth of the sowing groove be the same, and that the thickness of the cover be the same. When the garlic is placed, the high-yielding cultivation techniques of autumn garlic will vertically align the dorsal-ventral connection of the garlic with the sowing line. This can reduce the overlap between the leaves, so that the leaves can receive more sunlight, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and can achieve Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang's purpose.
Watering can be completed at the end of sowing. When the water is completely infiltrated, the herbicide is sprayed and 44% of E is used. oxygen. Acetochlor EC (15% pendimethalin, 4% oxyfluorfen 4%, acetochlor 30%) per 667m 2150-200g, 50kg water evenly spray the soil. This formula kills grass completely and lasts for a long period of time. The film was coated immediately after spraying.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management
After unearthing the garlic sprouts, the seedlings can be drawn through the thin film and the holes for the seedlings should be covered with finely damp soil.
Because the mulch-covered cultivation base fertilizer is applied adequately, it is generally no longer top-dressing and watering before winter. When spring seedlings turn green, they will be poured back to Qingshui and topped with urea 10kg. Before and after the Ching Ming Festival, the garlic will reach the “back-mothering periodâ€. This stage is prone to leaf tipping phenomenon. It should be performed before the “motherâ€. Topdressing watering, apply urea 7.5-10kg per 667m 2 to reduce or prevent the occurrence of yellow tip phenomenon and promote the differentiation of scallop buds. Into the convulsive period of vigorous growth, the demand for fertilizer and water increased significantly, when the garlic dumplings "flick tail", when combined with irrigation water per 667m 2 urea 20-25kg. After picking, generally no longer top-dressing, so as not to stem and leaf length, so garlic is late and not Resistant to storage, but the temperature during the expansion of garlic is high and the water evaporates quickly. In order to maintain a robust growth of the garlic plant, the soil should have a high moisture content, and the expansion of the bulb should be accelerated. In order to promote the maturation of the bulbs and enhance the storage stability, irrigation was stopped 5-7 days before harvest.
Fifth, timely harvest
Timely picking not only improves the quality of garlic sprouts but also promotes the rapid expansion of garlic bulbs. When garlic sprouts exposed leaves 7-10cm, tip cutting, flower buds turn white, for the appropriate time.
Plastic film covering garlic matures earlier, generally about 10 days earlier than exposed land, should pay attention to timely harvest. The cultivation of organic garlic harvested prematurely. The garlic was still growing. It was not completely mature. The garlic was thick and watery. After drying, it was light and resistant to storage. The harvest was too late, the garlic skin was too thick, and the stem dish was rotten and scattered. Loss of head, loss, and resistance to storage. The harvest of dried garlic products should be carried out 20 days after picking. When the top leaves of plants are yellow and the pseudo stems are soft, they can be harvested.
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