Farmers in China have always favored the use of organic fertilizers, and organic fertilizers are generally used in combination with chemical fertilizers in real agricultural production. However, after a long-term scientific experiment, Professor Li Shengxiu of the Northwest A&F University thought that organic fertilizers can be used with nitrogen fertilizers but should not be used with phosphate fertilizers. At present, farmers should be helped to get out of the misunderstanding between organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers.
Li Shengxiu said in an interview with reporters recently that organic manure is directly derived from animals and plants and generally does not contain synthetic chemicals. It is considered to be the preferred high-quality fertilizer for producing pollution-free agricultural products. The reason why organic fertilizer is favored is that it has the characteristics of improving soil (containing large amounts of organic matter), complete nutrients (almost all kinds of nutrients needed for crops), stable fertilizer effect, and long-lasting effects.
However, the organic fertilizer is not perfect, and the low nutrient content is its biggest drawback. For example, the total nitrogen content of 50 kg soil waste is not as good as 0.5 kg urea. Because of this, the effect of increasing production cannot be compared with chemical fertilizers. According to a survey conducted in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, 500 kg soil excrement can only produce an average yield of about 5 kg (wheat or corn). The best soil manure uses the best fertilization technology, and its yield increase effect is less than 10 kg. Another disadvantage of organic fertilizers is the imbalance of nutrients, the most prominent being nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is generally required for crops is more than three times that of phosphorus, but the total N content of pig manure in Guanzhong, Shaanxi is 0.1%, total phosphorus (P2O5) content is 0.21%, and phosphorus is twice as high as nitrogen; 1 kg dung The effective nitrogen that can be directly used by crops is 230 milligrams, while the available phosphorus is 355 milligrams and the effective phosphorus is 1/3 higher than the effective nitrogen. The nitrogen content is significantly lower than the crop demand, and the phosphorus content is significantly higher than the crop demand.
“Therefore, to give full play to the role of organic fertilizers, it is necessary to mix fertilizers with fertilizers. However, due to the imbalance between the nutrients of organic fertilizers and crops, organic fertilizers are not compatible with all fertilizers. In practical production, organic fertilizers are Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the same time to supplement its nitrogen deficiency, but it should not be used together with phosphate fertilizer to prevent the phosphorus content in organic fertilizer itself from reducing the effect of phosphate fertilizer.This is a result of our research after decades of experiments and practices. Professor Li said this.
He used a set of experimental data to demonstrate the results of his research: in five trials of 2-3 years without organic fertilizer applied on the plots, applying 75 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare and applying no organic fertilizer, respectively. 0, 75 kg, 150 kg, 225 kg, 300 kg urea, the results show that when no organic fertilizer is applied, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer is very low. Only 0.5-2 kg of wheat is produced per kilogram of urea; and after application of organic fertilizer, the average yield of wheat per kg of urea is increased. More than 5 kilograms, up to 10 kilograms. Experiments conducted on another field proved that with no nitrogen fertilizer, 10.4 kg of wheat was produced per ton of organic fertilizer, and 12.5 kg per ton of organic fertilizer was added after the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
However, organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers give another result. In a field with phosphorus deficiency and application of phosphate fertilizer, tests were conducted with three levels of organic fertilizer, 37.5 tons per hectare and organic fertilizer of 75 tons, and 300 kg and 600 kg per organic fertilizer. Superphosphate (about 10% with P2O5). The results showed that in the case of applying 300 kg of superphosphate, no organic fertilizer was applied, and the production of wheat was increased by 4.2 kg per kg of superphosphate; after applying 37.5 tons and 75 tons of organic fertilizer, the yield increase per kg of superphosphate decreased to 2.3 kg. And 1.64 kg. In the case of applying 600 kg of superphosphate, organic fertilizer was not applied. The yield of wheat was increased by 1.77 kg per kilogram of superphosphate, and after applying 37.5 tons and 75 tons of organic fertilizer, the yield increase was reduced to 1.09 kilograms and 0.66 kilograms, respectively.
Li Shengxiu told reporters that after application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, the crop can be greatly increased production; if organic fertilizer is applied after the application of phosphate fertilizer, the effect of increasing production is greatly reduced, and the higher the amount of organic fertilizer, the greater the decline. The above situation is not only proved in the test, but also confirmed in many production practices. Therefore, organic fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers can be applied, but they must be applied separately from phosphate fertilizers.
In two kinds of Incompatible Liquids, adding one kind of assistant can make one of the liquids dispersed in another liquid with very small particles or liquid beads, and become a more stable emulsion. This action is called emulsification, and the auxiliaries that play the role are called emulsifiers.
Surfactant is a substance which can significantly reduce the surface tension of solvent (generally water) or the interfacial tension between liquid and liquid, change the surface state of voxels and produce ethylene to meet the application requirements.
Emulsification, dispersion and solubilization. Solubilization: The presence of micelles increases the solubility of substances in solvents. This phenomenon is called solubilization.
Solubilization is different from emulsification. When one liquid is dispersed in the other, the system is unstable and eventually stratified. Solubilization can make the system more stable. When the surfactant concentration of the solution reaches the critical micelle concentration, the micelle can dissolve the oily substance in its own lipophilic part. In pesticide emulsifiers, surfactants have obvious solubilization effect on pesticides, which helps to improve the emulsifying performance, especially the stability, and can reduce the amount of emulsifiers.
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