The mode of transportation of vegetables depends on the characteristics of the varieties of vegetables. It is generally chosen to favor the protection of goods, transport efficiency and low cost, but also affected by the seasonal, environmental changes in the mode of transport. At present, various transportation modes such as railways, highways, waterways, and air transportation have been widely adopted. They have complementary advantages and have gradually formed a relatively complete transportation network. This has created unprecedented conditions for the nationwide circulation of vegetables.
(I) Mode of transportation
1. Railway transport has large dynamic load and low cost, and is affected by seasonal changes. Although there are many intermediate links and the flexibility and sexual nature are poor, it is still the main mode of transport of vegetables. Suitable for medium and long distance transportation of bulk vegetables.
2. Highway transportation has high cost and small transportation volume. When the road surface is uneven, it is highly vibrated and the product is vulnerable to damage. However, it has strong flexibility and adaptability. It can be delivered directly to the market without changing the packaging, and it can even achieve “door-to-doorâ€. Land transport; can also go to remote towns or industrial and mining enterprises along the non-railway. This cannot be replaced by other modes of transportation. With the continuous expansion of the national highway, the new construction and the establishment of the “Green Passageâ€, the development of short-distance and long-distance transportation on highways is growing.
3. Waterways (both internal and offshore) are low-cost, relatively stable, and have large carrying capacity. However, the continuity of water transportation is poor and the speed is slow. Intermodal transportation and loading and unloading will also increase cargo damage. Therefore, it is only suitable for long-distance transportation, as well as long-distance transportation of vegetables or vegetable processed products.
4. Air transport It is fast, good quality, small damage, but high transport, low traffic. Air transport is particularly suitable for high-grade vegetables that are fresh, tender and susceptible to mechanical damage, such as cypress, fresh edible fungi, and lettuce, and sometimes for special needs.
5. Container transport It can realize the whole hoisting, which not only greatly improves the handling efficiency, but also more importantly facilitates the intermodal transportation between different modes of transport. It has great potential for development.
(2) Transportation tools The selection of vegetable transportation tools according to local conditions is the key to achieving economic and high efficiency. For example, waterways can be used in rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. Short-distance transport sales generally choose wooden boats, boats, tow barges and so on. In view of the transportation under normal temperature conditions in the natural environment, the quality of products declines rapidly, requiring fast sales. Large-scale ships or ocean-going freighters are required for long-distance transport, but the cargo holds should have insulation or temperature-control facilities in order to maintain transport under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity. At present, China is mainly based on roads and railways.
Road transport: Short-distance transport vehicles can choose to use human or animal trailers and tractors. Long-distance transport should use cars, ordinary trucks and refrigerated trucks. Long-distance transfer not only requires packaging but also reasonable code. If you use ordinary trucks, you must have cold and heat protection measures. The best choice is to use refrigerated cars. Should be pre-cooled, dissipate field heat and some of the respiratory heat; after loading the car to adjust to the appropriate temperature and maintain its stability. Only the full implementation of the vegetable preservation and transportation program can achieve the best effect of storage and transportation.
Railway transport: Vegetable railway transport has a long history and many transportation tools. The following are the key recommendations for several rail transport tools:
1. General box car It is a kind of normal temperature transportation tool, there is no temperature and humidity control device inside the car, due to the influence of natural climate, can only rely on natural ventilation (or clip ice block cooling), cover straw or quilts insulation. Although the freight rate is low, the quality declines quickly and the loss is large. Nancai Beiyun is carried out in the season of Nanhui Beijing and the loss can be as high as 40% to 60%. So it can only be used for vegetables that are not strict with temperature.
2. The body of the refrigerated truck has good airtightness or insulation layer. It can insulate and have cooling devices, which can realize temperature-controlled transportation. It costs more. It can be divided into two kinds of ice refrigerated trucks and mechanical refrigerated refrigerated trucks. The former cost less than the latter.
(1) Ice refrigerated trucks, also known as ice-protected vehicles, have a thermal insulation layer inside the vehicle body and a storage refrigerator at the top. Ice or ice salt mixture can be added during shipment to reduce the temperature in the compartment. Freezing points need to be set up along the railway lines. This method has a certain cooling effect, but it is not easy to control its optimum temperature, and the local temperature difference is large, the center of gravity is high, and it is not suitable for high-speed operation.
(2) Mechanical refrigerated trucks, also known as mechanical trucks, are temperature-controlled transport facilities. Body insulation, sealing performance, and installation of mechanical refrigeration equipment. Has the same effect as cold storage. It can regulate the proper storage and transportation conditions, can receive the effect of maintaining quality and reducing loss, and is an ideal railway transportation tool.
3. Insulation and ventilation vehicles belong to insulation and transportation facilities. There is a good thermal insulation around the car body, but there is no cooling and humidity control equipment, only controlled ventilation holes. Good thermal insulation can reduce the heat exchange inside and outside the car, so that the interior temperature fluctuations, respiratory metabolism is relatively stable. By adjusting the ventilation holes so that the fluctuation of the transport temperature does not exceed ventilation, the proper environment can be maintained. This kind of vehicle has low cost, low energy consumption and simple management. It is suitable for fast and medium-distance transportation and can achieve very good economic benefits. Now the developed countries have been widely used, and China has also tried and achieved better results.
4. Refrigerated container It is made by adding a thermal insulation layer and cooling and heating equipment to the container. The temperature and humidity conditions in the box can be controlled at any time to maintain its tender quality. It is labor-saving, time-saving, and can also be combined with the car, convenient and quick. It is the direction of development in the new century.
(I) Mode of transportation
1. Railway transport has large dynamic load and low cost, and is affected by seasonal changes. Although there are many intermediate links and the flexibility and sexual nature are poor, it is still the main mode of transport of vegetables. Suitable for medium and long distance transportation of bulk vegetables.
2. Highway transportation has high cost and small transportation volume. When the road surface is uneven, it is highly vibrated and the product is vulnerable to damage. However, it has strong flexibility and adaptability. It can be delivered directly to the market without changing the packaging, and it can even achieve “door-to-doorâ€. Land transport; can also go to remote towns or industrial and mining enterprises along the non-railway. This cannot be replaced by other modes of transportation. With the continuous expansion of the national highway, the new construction and the establishment of the “Green Passageâ€, the development of short-distance and long-distance transportation on highways is growing.
3. Waterways (both internal and offshore) are low-cost, relatively stable, and have large carrying capacity. However, the continuity of water transportation is poor and the speed is slow. Intermodal transportation and loading and unloading will also increase cargo damage. Therefore, it is only suitable for long-distance transportation, as well as long-distance transportation of vegetables or vegetable processed products.
4. Air transport It is fast, good quality, small damage, but high transport, low traffic. Air transport is particularly suitable for high-grade vegetables that are fresh, tender and susceptible to mechanical damage, such as cypress, fresh edible fungi, and lettuce, and sometimes for special needs.
5. Container transport It can realize the whole hoisting, which not only greatly improves the handling efficiency, but also more importantly facilitates the intermodal transportation between different modes of transport. It has great potential for development.
(2) Transportation tools The selection of vegetable transportation tools according to local conditions is the key to achieving economic and high efficiency. For example, waterways can be used in rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. Short-distance transport sales generally choose wooden boats, boats, tow barges and so on. In view of the transportation under normal temperature conditions in the natural environment, the quality of products declines rapidly, requiring fast sales. Large-scale ships or ocean-going freighters are required for long-distance transport, but the cargo holds should have insulation or temperature-control facilities in order to maintain transport under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity. At present, China is mainly based on roads and railways.
Road transport: Short-distance transport vehicles can choose to use human or animal trailers and tractors. Long-distance transport should use cars, ordinary trucks and refrigerated trucks. Long-distance transfer not only requires packaging but also reasonable code. If you use ordinary trucks, you must have cold and heat protection measures. The best choice is to use refrigerated cars. Should be pre-cooled, dissipate field heat and some of the respiratory heat; after loading the car to adjust to the appropriate temperature and maintain its stability. Only the full implementation of the vegetable preservation and transportation program can achieve the best effect of storage and transportation.
Railway transport: Vegetable railway transport has a long history and many transportation tools. The following are the key recommendations for several rail transport tools:
1. General box car It is a kind of normal temperature transportation tool, there is no temperature and humidity control device inside the car, due to the influence of natural climate, can only rely on natural ventilation (or clip ice block cooling), cover straw or quilts insulation. Although the freight rate is low, the quality declines quickly and the loss is large. Nancai Beiyun is carried out in the season of Nanhui Beijing and the loss can be as high as 40% to 60%. So it can only be used for vegetables that are not strict with temperature.
2. The body of the refrigerated truck has good airtightness or insulation layer. It can insulate and have cooling devices, which can realize temperature-controlled transportation. It costs more. It can be divided into two kinds of ice refrigerated trucks and mechanical refrigerated refrigerated trucks. The former cost less than the latter.
(1) Ice refrigerated trucks, also known as ice-protected vehicles, have a thermal insulation layer inside the vehicle body and a storage refrigerator at the top. Ice or ice salt mixture can be added during shipment to reduce the temperature in the compartment. Freezing points need to be set up along the railway lines. This method has a certain cooling effect, but it is not easy to control its optimum temperature, and the local temperature difference is large, the center of gravity is high, and it is not suitable for high-speed operation.
(2) Mechanical refrigerated trucks, also known as mechanical trucks, are temperature-controlled transport facilities. Body insulation, sealing performance, and installation of mechanical refrigeration equipment. Has the same effect as cold storage. It can regulate the proper storage and transportation conditions, can receive the effect of maintaining quality and reducing loss, and is an ideal railway transportation tool.
3. Insulation and ventilation vehicles belong to insulation and transportation facilities. There is a good thermal insulation around the car body, but there is no cooling and humidity control equipment, only controlled ventilation holes. Good thermal insulation can reduce the heat exchange inside and outside the car, so that the interior temperature fluctuations, respiratory metabolism is relatively stable. By adjusting the ventilation holes so that the fluctuation of the transport temperature does not exceed ventilation, the proper environment can be maintained. This kind of vehicle has low cost, low energy consumption and simple management. It is suitable for fast and medium-distance transportation and can achieve very good economic benefits. Now the developed countries have been widely used, and China has also tried and achieved better results.
4. Refrigerated container It is made by adding a thermal insulation layer and cooling and heating equipment to the container. The temperature and humidity conditions in the box can be controlled at any time to maintain its tender quality. It is labor-saving, time-saving, and can also be combined with the car, convenient and quick. It is the direction of development in the new century.
L-size Onions,Big Size Onions,L-size Red Onions,Big Size White Onions
Yirun Agricultural Cooperative , https://www.yiruncn.com