The overall status of wheat from seeding to the current seedling condition is: good sowing basis, sufficient base fertilizer, good variety, concentrated sowing date, high accumulated temperature, sufficient groups, individual robustness, and high yield of pre-winter wheat seedlings. However, the existing problems are also more prominent, mainly due to the sluggish seedlings, the threat of frost damage and drought, spotted yellow seedlings, and de-fermentation of wheat fields.
I. The main problems in the wheat fields
(A) high temperature, accumulated temperature, seedlings prosperous, freezing threats
Last winter because of overwintering and high temperatures, the accumulated temperature from sowing to overwintering was significantly higher than normal. Before winter, wheat flourished and some of the wheat fields were jointed before winter. When winter temperatures were low, some varieties and some wheat fields suffered freezing and dead seedlings. The rate of production cuts, and the serious basic gains. This year's situation is more severe than last year, the situation is not optimistic, and the threat of freezing is even greater.
1. The temperature is high and the accumulated temperature is high. This year, the wheat sown in the south-central part of our province before October 5, especially the wheat sown in early October, will reach a maximum temperature of 650°C in the accumulated temperature until November 27th. Wheat in Shijiazhuang and other places will continue to grow winter. At the end of November and early December, weather experts of the National Climate Center predicted that this year's warm winter is almost a foregone conclusion. Therefore, the accumulated temperature before winter is a foregone conclusion.
2. Leaf age is too large and prosperous. The field of wheat sown before October 5 shows that the age of the leaves has reached 7 pieces. Some individuals sown before the 1st of October have reached 8 leaves, the maximum length of the leaves is more than 20 cm, the plant height is about 30 cm, and the population exceeds 1 million. The wheat field is basically ridged, and the growth is obvious. If it is 8 to 9 leaves, it is possible to get up before the winter, jointing, cold resistance will be greatly reduced, resulting in a very large possibility of frost damage.
3. In the winter, there are many weak varieties and large areas. Due to the generally weak winter nature of the varieties, the yield increases. Therefore, in recent years, there are more and more winter-weak varieties grown in Shijiazhuang and the south of the country, and the area is also growing. Last year, the phenomenon of individual winter deaths and seedlings occurred in many counties (cities). Under the special circumstances this year, the threat was very great.
4. Early sowing time. Take Shijiazhuang City as an example, the wheat planted before October 5th generally accounted for 1/3 of the total area.
(2) Robbing more seeds, less rainfall, dehydration due to drought, spotted yellow seedlings
1. The area planted in central and southern Anhui is larger, with some areas accounting for more than 90% of the total area, and the proportion of water poured into the headwaters is also less than 20%.
2.10-November has been in a state of high temperature and little rain, precipitation is less than 20 times less than the average year.
3. Before winter, wheat has a large amount of growth, and part of the base fertilizer is insufficient for defertilization and spotting yellow seedlings in wheat fields.
II. Judgment index and influence of frost damage on wheat before winter
(I) Indicators of Wheat Pre-winter Seedling Growth
1. The wheat population is large, the number of mu stems is more than 1 million, and the wheat fields are basically closed.
2. The leaf age is too large and the main stem leaf age is more than 7 leaves.
The above two criteria should generally be met at the same time as Wang Miao, but for the main stem age is too large, plant height is too high, although the group reached less than 1 million, it should also be regarded as Wang Miao; for large groups, field closure Sealing ridges, although young, should also be regarded as Wang Miao.
(B) The harm of wheat freeze injury
The ultimate hazard of wheat freeze injury is the loss of production. Generally, there are the following three kinds of performance:
1. Physiological freezing injury. Prosperous wheat fields encounter low temperatures in the late winter, although there is no obvious performance in appearance, but the ear differentiation is affected, resulting in missing spikelets, resulting in reduced production.
2. Freeze damage to leaves. Wang Miao is poor in cold resistance, and leaves dry and dead after being frozen, forming the phenomenon of “no gluten†and spring returning to late spring and slow growth, which in turn causes a reduction in production.
3. Dead and dead seedlings. In wheat fields with overly large main stems, the ability to resist coldness is basically lost. The lighter ones cause dead worms. The main stem pods or big locusts die. The death of the whole plant is serious, and the number of panicles is insufficient, resulting in a reduced yield, serious or even no harvest. .
Third, the main measures to control the growth of wheat
(1) The wheat field repression should step up the crackdown on the prosperous wheat fields planted before October 5th. Wheat fields that have been sealed with frozen water can be repressed when they are able to enter the ground. If you do not seal frozen water, you must first suppress and then seal the frozen water. For the excessively prosperous wheat fields planted at the end of September and early October, many repressions were advocated. It can be carried out in various ways such as turbulence, roller pressure, and the like.
(b) deep-rooted combined with suppression and pouring frozen water, deep-rooted measures can be taken to control the length of the root, make up for cracks.
(3) Pouring well frozen water This year, before the drought, the water loss is serious. Pouring frozen water can ease the drought and reduce the effects of freezing. For some wheat fields with insufficient base fertilizer, frozen water can be combined and used to make up for available fertilizers. For excessively prosperous wheat fields, including excessively prosperous wheat fields with de-fertilization phenomenon, on the basis of repression and squat, combined with freezing water, supplementing chemical fertilizers and reducing the occurrence of the phenomenon of “no wheat flourishingâ€.
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