Broiler Selection and Feeding
Most of the broodstock needed for seedlings of Penaeus monodon from Guangdong is imported from abroad, originating from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and other places. The broodstock arrived at the shrimp farm after long-distance transportation. After the arrival, the lower pool should be accepted as soon as possible. The procedure is generally to open the box after arrival, first separate the male and female into the fresh seawater that is inflated (available in a large basin to hold the water); then pick out the dead shrimp. Live shrimp were recorded according to the number of males and females, and the broodstock was reared by the ponds of healthy, fast oyster shells, or just oyster shells, and disease shrimps.
After the arrival of the broodstock, after 1-2 days of recovery, eyelid surgery and ripening can be performed. The operation should be performed next to the ripening pool. The postoperative broodstock should be quickly placed into the prepared broodstock ripening pool. The broodstock ripening process is as follows:
(1) Preparation of ripening pool
The ripening pools are generally constructed with cement tanks in dark rooms, or with conventional nursery rooms, painted black walls or covered with black cloth around the room, creating a dark, quiet environment. The ripening pool was added to the standard seawater approximately 40 cm, then heated to 28.5°C with a titanium tube heating rod and kept at a constant temperature, waiting for the broodstock to descend into the pool after the operation.
(2) Feeding
Daily feeding of high-quality fresh feed 4 times in the morning, afternoon, the middle of the night and the middle of the night. The bait should be removed before each feeding. All operations are performed by one person. Be careful and walk away. Live feed generally includes crab, sand beetle, small shellfish, cuttlefish, squid, etc. Wash and cut into pieces before the lower pool to make broodstock easy to ingest. The ripening should be started after 3 days of ripening, and the water change should not exceed 1/2. The changing water temperature should be consistent with the temperature of the ripening pool.
Normally, some broodstock reach gonad maturation after 3-5 days ripening. At this time, the observation of the lower pool should be strengthened. It is easy to observe whether each broodstock is mature using the shrimp mother lamp produced in Taiwan. Mature broodstock should arrange spawning and hatching in time.
Local broodstock sources can be captured from fisheries using specialized fishing nets and methods. The captured broodstock is always installed in the hull living water tank. When it is sold onshore, the purchaser should observe whether the sexual development of the broodstock is mature or not. The broodstock can be observed from the back while facing the sunlight. If the nightlight is illuminated from the abdomen with a flashlight, Observed from the back, it can be clearly observed. The mature broodstock is large in size and is almost full of the back of the entire breastplate. The color is dark green or dark green. Fast-growing, mature and full-fledged eggs can even be separated. The mature ovary weighs 11% to 15% of body weight. When selecting broodstock, attention should also be paid to the selection of individuals with complete limbs, uninjured, and active abilities.
After the broodstock is caught in the sea area, it can be immediately put into a bucket and transported by a small air pump to transport the living body. For long-distance transportation, 3-5 species of broodstock can be placed in a plastic film bag containing 20 litres of sea water. Bags of crushed ice are added to keep the water temperature at 18-21 C for oxygenation. After the broodstock enters the breeding ground, it can be directly put into the spawning pool with the bags, and then the water in the spawning pool is slowly injected into the film bag. When the temperature and salinity inside and outside the bag are the same, the broodstock can be placed. Into the broodstock ripening pool to prepare for ripening and spawning.
Spawning and hatching
According to the previous requirements, select the mature fast-producing broodstock to move into the spawning pool. Prawns usually spawn at night. After long-distance transportation, broodstock is put into the spawning pool. Most females spawn at night, and long-distance transport of broodstock into the spawning pool. Most females spawn at the end of the day. If they do not produce within three days, these broodstocks will generally not spawn again. Shrimp swim at the upper edge of the water during spawning, so the spawning pool should not be too small to avoid sudden wall hitting and affect spawning during swimming.
A broodstock in a spawning pond is suitable for 1-3 tails/ton of water, requiring a water temperature of 26-29°C, a salinity of 28-33 inches and a water depth of 60-70 cm. After broodstock spawning, the surface of the pool will produce foam, with a light orange-red odorless mucus around the pool, and these mucus should be removed and the water changed as appropriate. At present, the spawning rate of P. monodon in Taiwan is approximately 70%. A broodstock can spawn 60-800,000 eggs, and more than 1 million can be obtained. On the second day after spawning, the broodstock was removed and the eggs hatched in the spawning tank and were slightly inflated. After 12-13 hours (water temperature 26-29 °C), the film can be hatched as nauplii, hatching rate of 70% -80%. The hatched nauplii should be counted and pooled. Seedling pool construction Seedling pool construction, see the following illustration.
Shrimp cultivation
1. Infertile larval stage of management
The body length of freshly hatched larvae is 0.32-0.33 mm, with swimming ability and strong phototaxis. Do not feed this period, do not inflate a lot, and require a water depth of 70 cm. The culture density is 80-200 thousand nauplii/ton water. The non-larval larvae are dehydrated into cocooned larvae 6 times. When the water temperature is 27-29°C, it takes about 50 hours; when the water temperature is 21-22°C, it takes 110 hours. The survival rate in this period is as high as 90%.
2. Management of the larval stage
The pod larvae were dehulled three times in three phases. The first stage larvae were about 0.91 mm in length and the larvae were afraid of the light. For example, under direct light, the larvae stop feeding, the body is bent and deformed, and die after 2-3 days. From the third stage of larval larvae, oxygen consumption increases, and sufficient oxygen must be supplied. Air should be added to inflate. The larvae have a low survival rate during this period. Only 30% to 60% is the main difficulty in artificial reproduction of Penaeus monodon. Its bait is dominated by single cell diatoms.
3. The larvae of the larvae are in control?
The sickle-like larvae become larvae of the squid after three to four days of dehulling. During this period, the heads and tails of the larvae bent down at a right angle, and they leaped back and forth. The shrimp larvae are more adaptable and the survival rate becomes larvae after 3-4 days. It is mainly larvae of the larvae, and other minor zooplankton such as rotifer copepods.
4. Management of late larvae
The shrimp larvae were dehulled three times and entered the first stage of the late larvae. At this time, the body length of the shrimp was about 5 mm, and the appearance was similar to that of shrimp. Since the beginning of this period, the pool of water has gradually deepened, and the inflator has been further strengthened. After the fifth day, the shrimp began to be benthic or attached to the wall. The suitable temperature for the late larvae is 25-30 °C, and the salinity is 14‰-25‰. Usually it is cultivated to 5-10 days, then it is not afraid of glare and can be moved to outdoor breeding. The late larvae (1–5) days of bait are small zooplankton such as Artemia larvae, rotifers, and copepods, and larger animal diets can be eaten in the later (5–10) days.
Shrimp wintering
Individual large and well-developed black-shelled shrimps can be used to dig deep with aquaculture ponds, keeping salinity 15-25‰ and stocking at a density of 100-150/m2. The amount of feed during the winter season may depend on the situation, and generally less, because the water temperature is low and the food intake of the shrimp is reduced. Furthermore, in order to be suitable for high-density farming, the food intake of the shrimp should also be consciously suppressed. During the winter, excessive animal feed must be avoided to prevent deterioration of water quality. It is also necessary to prevent the low temperature shrimp from stopping at the bottom of the water. Therefore, changes in the physicochemical factors such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity in the water must be frequently measured during the wintering period, and appropriate measures can be taken when necessary.
Shrimp transportation
Packaged shrimps should be quickly transported to the rearing tanks by car or boat. For long-distance transportation, a 2040120 cm plastic bag should be used to hold 15 to 20 liters of seawater. 3000 to 5,000 tails of shrimps should be placed in each bag. Oxygenation and sealed transport are required. In the summer, an additional bag of crushed ice must be added to the bag. Keep the water temperature at 15-18°C to avoid the death of the shrimp due to high density. After being transported to the rearing pool, the shrimp can't be directly poured into the pool, and the pool water should be slowly added into the bag first. After the shrimp is adjusted to the temperature and salinity in the pool, it is poured into the rearing tank. Under normal conditions, shrimps swim in groups quickly after entering the pond and then inhabit the bottom of the pond.
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