For the first time in the world, Chinese scientists have obtained a new strain of transgenic cotton resistant to Verticillium wilt. This will hopefully cure the "cancer" of cotton.
According to the latest observation and identification of field nurseries in Huimin County, Shandong Province, the incidence rate of disease-affected control varieties of Verticillium dahliae was 99.1%, and the disease index was as high as 82.0. The disease index of 16 transgenic lines was below 20, One of the strains had a disease index of only 7.26, reaching a high level of resistance to Verticillium wilt.
Verticillium wilt, which is called "cancer" of cotton, is an important disease that is harder to cure than insects. It can survive in the soil for a long time and spread in the "vascular bundle" of plant stems, as cancer cells are in humans. Diffusion in the blood vessels is difficult to achieve with chemical control.
In the early 1990s, verticillium wilt disease rose to become the first major cotton disease, and it has been serious for many years. In the 80 million mu of cotton fields in the country, half of the affected area has caused an annual loss of 100 million kilograms of lint. Today, after the H. armigera has been controlled, Verticillium wilt has become a major obstacle to cotton yield and quality. However, no "resources" for high resistance to verticillium wilt have been found so far in the world.
Dr. Qi Junsheng, PhD, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, under the guidance of the instructor, Professor Li Huaifang, has worked hard for six years to isolate and clone the “At7†gene with independent intellectual property rights from the “cottage of islandsâ€. The introduction of "Gossypium hirsutum L." has led to the development of new strains with high resistance to Verticillium wilt.
The research group used the toxins of the virgin virgin deciduous "V991" strain of Verticillium dahliae to induce high resistance to Verticillium dahliae in the "barley-cotton" species, and obtained 10 anti-yellowing agents through a variety of molecular biology techniques. Wilt is closely related to the gene fragment, one of which has cloned the full-sequence gene and named it "At7" and then introduced it into cotton.
Dr. Qi said that they used about 90,000 genetically modified cotton seeds to screen out 11 individuals with high resistance to Verticillium wilt under high pressure conditions in strong pathogenic strains. From 2005 till now, a large number of transgenic third-generation seeds have been obtained through Nanfanbeiyu. This year, they used Verticillium dahliae, more than 100 times the normal dose, to inoculate seedlings. They transplanted the cotton seedlings to the cotton fields where the verticillium wilt disease was planted for many years.
The results have been identified by experts. At today’s “Virtue Cotton Verticillium Wilt Research Achievement Observation Meeting†in Huimin County, Shandong Province, the researcher Ma Cun, a disease-resistant breeding expert, introduced three cotton “upland cottonâ€, “Asian cotton†and “seafood cotton†cultivated. Among the large cotton species, "barley cotton" has high resistance to Verticillium wilt. It is difficult to obtain varieties with high resistance to Verticillium wilt and high yield using common crossbreeding methods. The genes that confer high yield and resistance to Verticillium wilt are isolated and cloned from "barley cotton" and introduced into "Upland Cotton" to finally cultivate disease resistance and yield. The new varieties are an effective way to solve the problem of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt, indicating that the era of control of Verticillium wilt is coming.
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