In early spring, potato cultivation typically involves the use of plastic tunnels with two small membranes, thick sheds, and mulching techniques. These methods allow for an earlier harvest, usually 10 to 20 days ahead of conventionally grown potatoes in open fields. This early market advantage helps farmers secure better prices and meet seasonal demand more effectively.
When selecting improved seed varieties, it's essential to use certified seeds such as Dongnong 303 or Kexin No. 4, which are originally sourced from the northeast region. Farmers must not rely on self-retained or long-cultivated seeds, as these can lead to variety degeneration and reduced yields over time. For planting, about 150 kg of seed is required per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Large potatoes can be cut into pieces, each weighing between 20 to 25 grams and containing 2 to 3 sprouts, to ensure optimal growth.
Fertilizer application should be done before covering the field with plastic film, as it becomes difficult to apply after the film is in place. During plowing, 50 kg of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) is spread evenly. After soil preparation, farmers should add more than 30 cubic meters of organic manure, such as livestock dung or human waste, to enrich the soil. Holes should be dug deep and wide, with a layer of human excrement first, followed by a layer of manure, and then covered with soil to prevent direct contact between the seed potatoes and fertilizers, which could hinder germination. Additional fertilizer can be applied between rows and covered with soil to provide a steady nutrient supply throughout the growing season.
Before applying the plastic film, chemical weeding is recommended. A fine spray of 50% acetochlor at a rate of 75 to 100 ml per mu should be applied to the moist and level field to enhance weed control effectiveness. The thin nylon film must be carefully laid and secured with soil to prevent air leaks before the plants emerge. Once the seedlings appear, the film should be removed promptly, and the holes should be sealed with mud to help raise the soil temperature. When using arch sheds, ventilation is necessary during hot, sunny days to avoid heat damage to young plants.
From the initial flowering stage to full bloom, chemical regulation is important. Applying 30 ml of uniconazole per 48 kg of water ensures even coverage on the plants. This practice enhances plant resistance, reduces disease occurrence, prevents leggy growth, promotes early maturation, and increases yield. On average, this method can boost production by 10% to 15%.
During the growing season, late blight is a common disease affecting potatoes. If infected plants are spotted, they should be removed immediately. A solution of 25% Rhodiola diluted 800 times can then be sprayed to manage the disease. Common pests include the 28-spot ladybug and aphids. The 28-spot ladybug can be controlled with 80% dichlorvos diluted 500 times, while aphids can be treated with 10% imidacloprid diluted 2000 times. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to maintaining healthy crops and maximizing yield.
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