**Monthly Management Guide for Abalone Cultivation**
**January**
1. To facilitate the sale and breeding of abalone, grading is recommended. Select individual and large abalone as parent-friendly stock for summer and autumn use.
2. Most of the seedlings from the previous autumn were removed from the seeding boards. Some were too large to separate easily, so this is a good time to divide them. Classify seedlings into three sizes: large, medium, and small. Then, place them at a density of 1000–1500 per square meter to promote healthy growth.
3. With lower abalone abundance, feed once daily for about seven days, and change the washing pool in between meals.
4. Clean the seedling pools every 7–10 days. However, during colder periods, it’s best to replace the water with warm, sunny water during midday to maintain optimal temperature.
**February**
1. Due to low temperatures and reduced abalone availability, reduce feeding amounts.
2. Fresh seaweed has started to appear in the Minnan region and is very tender, making it suitable for abalone feeding.
3. Pay close attention to winter seedling management. If the water temperature drops below 10°C for an extended period, seedlings smaller than 1 cm may die. Avoid changing water this month, especially in cold weather. For small seedlings, take measures to keep them warm, such as covering the pond with colored plastic strips to raise the water temperature.
4. Those aiming to increase income should closely monitor sales opportunities, as this is an ideal time for exports.
**March**
1. As temperatures rise, strengthen pond warming. Increase water flow and shorten cleaning intervals. Normally, clean and change the water every 3–4 days.
2. Abalone food intake increases at this time. Fresh seaweed is available on the market at a reasonable price, making it an excellent time to feed kelp. However, be cautious with kelp quality—feed in small portions and avoid overfeeding. Feed every two days, ensuring that seedlings consume the amount offered by the evening.
3. Seedlings over 2 cm can be packed for sale or used as commercial stock.
4. Prepare for disease prevention, and monitor adult abalone sales to minimize losses due to illness.
**April**
1. Focus on hygiene in the aquaculture ponds, especially for abalone. If diseases occur, clean and replace the water immediately.
2. Disease-free ponds should also undergo preventive treatments.
3. Avoid feeding kelp when asparagus supply is high, as kelp tends to spoil quickly and may lead to disease outbreaks.
4. Increase water exchange and ensure sufficient oxygen supply.
5. Install shade nets to stabilize water temperature fluctuations.
**May**
1. Prepare for summer nursery. Separate male and female abalone into different ponds and feed some kelp to promote gonad development.
2. Continue raising last year’s seedlings and organize sales to free up space.
3. Continue disease prevention and treatment efforts.
**June**
1. Prepare dry seaweed reserves to meet emergency needs when fresh kelp supply is low.
2. Choose cloudy days with minimal temperature differences for summer seedling cultivation.
3. Do not neglect disease prevention. The nine-hole abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) has been farmed in southern Taiwan for years, and breeders have accumulated significant experience in its care.
**July**
1. Improve water and gas management, change water frequently, and clean the pools regularly.
2. Ensure feed is always fresh and avoid feeding spoiled food.
3. Select healthy abalone to cultivate summer seedlings.
4. Cover the ponds with shade nets to protect against high temperatures.
**August**
1. During hot weather, feed less often to prevent feed spoilage. Feed kelp every three days and change the water in between.
2. Maintain strong water flow and adequate oxygen supply.
3. Install shade nets.
4. This is the best time to cultivate autumn seedlings on cloudy days with stable temperatures.
**September**
1. Strengthen pond hygiene, clean and change water regularly, and prepare for disease prevention.
2. Cultivate autumn seedlings on cloudy days with stable temperatures, ideally before mid-month to avoid winter cold.
3. Seedlings grown in June and July can be stripped at the end of this month.
**October**
1. Enhance management of autumn seedlings. If diatom levels are low, fertilize and add more diatoms. Adjust the number of attached seedlings accordingly.
2. Continue disease prevention and maintain proper health management in the culture tanks.
3. With moderate temperatures, ensure a steady feed supply to support faster growth of commercial abalone.
4. Clean and change the water for summer seedlings every 5–7 days.
5. Remove shade nets to allow sunlight, which helps raise water temperature and kill harmful bacteria through UV exposure.
**November**
1. Continue managing board-grown seedlings. When most reach over 0.6 cm and show signs of diatom deficiency, remove them and transfer to the bottom.
2. With suitable temperatures, focus on feeding and fattening abalone. Organize sales for those meeting product specifications.
3. Monitor climbing seedlings closely and continue regular water changes to ensure their health.
**December**
1. For adult abalone, adjust feeding based on appetite—reduce frequency to every 7–10 days, with water changes in between.
2. Reduce feeding for bottom-climbing seedlings as needed, and clean the pool once a week. When autumn seedlings grow above 0.6 cm, they should be moved to the bottom.
3. Seedlings over 2 cm should be packaged for sale. This schedule is standard for normal operations.
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