**Monthly Abalone Farming Guide**
**January**
1. To facilitate the sale and breeding of abalone, grading can be performed. Select larger and medium-sized abalone as parent-friendly stock for summer and autumn use.
2. Most of the seedlings from the previous autumn were removed from the seedling boards. Due to some being too large, they were severely separated. At this time, it’s a good opportunity to divide the seedlings. Typically, classify them into three sizes: large, medium, and small, then grade them at a density of 1000–1500 per square meter to promote healthy growth.
3. With reduced abalone abundance, feed once daily for about seven days, and change the washing pool between meals.
4. Clean the seedling pools every 7–10 days. However, when temperatures are low, replace the water with warm, sunny, and windless water during midday to maintain stability.
**February**
1. Due to low temperatures and limited abalone availability, reduce feeding amounts.
2. Fresh seaweed has started to appear in the Minnan region and is tender, making it suitable for abalone feeding.
3. Pay special attention to winter seedling management. If the water temperature drops below 10°C for an extended period, seedlings smaller than 1 cm may die. Avoid changing the water this month, especially during cold weather. For seedlings under 1 cm, take insulation measures such as placing colored plastic strips on the pond surface to raise the water temperature and help them survive the winter.
4. Those aiming to increase income should closely monitor sales opportunities, as this is the best time for customs clearance and market entry.
**March**
1. As temperatures rise, strengthen the warming of aquaculture ponds. Increase water flow and shorten cleaning intervals. Normally, wash the pools every 3–4 days.
2. Abalone food intake gradually increases. Fresh seaweed is available at a lower price, making it ideal for feeding. However, due to potential deterioration, feed small amounts regularly—every two days, ensuring that the seedlings consume the food within one day.
3. Seedlings over 2 cm can be boxed for sale or used as commercial seedlings.
4. Prepare for disease prevention and control, and focus on selling mature abalone to minimize losses from disease-related deaths.
**April**
1. Focus on hygiene management in the aquaculture pond, especially for abalone. If disease occurs, clean the pond and change the water immediately.
2. Disease-free ponds should also implement preventive treatments at this stage.
3. Avoid feeding kelp if asparagus supply is high, as kelp can deteriorate and increase disease risk.
4. Increase water exchange and ensure sufficient oxygen supply.
5. Use shade nets to reduce daily temperature fluctuations in the culture pond.
**May**
1. Prepare for summer nursery by separating males and females and feeding kelp to promote gonad development.
2. Continue raising last year's seedlings and organize sales to free up space.
3. Continue disease prevention and treatment efforts.
**June**
1. Prepare dry seaweed reserves to meet emergency needs when fresh supplies are unavailable.
2. Choose cloudy days with minimal temperature differences for summer seedling cultivation.
3. Do not neglect disease prevention. The nine-hole abalone (*Haliotis discus hannai*) has been farmed in southern Taiwan for years, with established breeding techniques.
**July**
1. Strengthen water and gas management, change water frequently, and clean the pools regularly.
2. Ensure feed is fresh and avoid feeding spoiled food.
3. Select high-quality seedlings to develop healthy summer seedlings.
4. Cover the pond with shade nets to protect against high temperatures.
**August**
1. During high temperatures, feed less often. Feed kelp every three days and change the washing pool in between.
2. Maintain high water exchange and sufficient oxygen supply.
3. Remove shade nets to allow sunlight to warm the water and improve the pond environment. UV rays can help kill harmful bacteria.
**September**
1. Strengthen pond hygiene, change water frequently, and prepare for disease prevention.
2. Cultivate autumn seedlings on cloudy days with stable temperatures, ideally before mid-term ends to avoid winter effects.
3. Seedlings cultivated in June and July can be stripped at the end of the month.
**October**
1. Enhance autumn seedling management. If diatoms are insufficient, apply fertilization and inoculate more diatoms. Adjust the number of attached seedlings.
2. Continue disease prevention and maintain good health management.
3. Ensure adequate feed supply during the optimal growth season for abalone.
4. Change the water and clean the pond every 5–7 days for summer seedlings.
5. Remove shade nets to let sunlight warm the water and improve the environment.
**November**
1. Continue managing attached board seedlings. When most grow beyond 0.6 cm and show signs of diatom deficiency, remove them and transition to bottom-cultured seedlings.
2. Ensure consistent feed supply and intensify fattening efforts. Organize sales for abalone meeting product specifications.
3. Monitor climbing seedlings and continue regular water changes to support their healthy growth.
**December**
1. Reduce feeding for adult abalone based on their eating habits, extending the interval between feedings. Feed asparagus every 7–10 days, with a water change in between.
2. Adjust feeding amounts for bottom-climbing seedlings and wash the pool weekly. Once autumn seedlings exceed 0.6 cm, transfer them to climbing systems.
3. Seedlings over 2 cm should be packaged or raised as commercial products. This schedule is standard for normal farming operations.
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