The process of raising seedlings from initial stages to market-ready products requires careful attention to survival rates and profitability, especially in large-scale farming. To ensure success, it is essential to follow standardized techniques that promote high survival and economic returns. After selecting the seedlings, scientific feeding, management, and food supply strategies must be implemented.
First, selecting quality seedlings is crucial. The seedlings should be healthy, free from disease, and without physical damage. Avoid using those caught with hooks, as they are more prone to death due to injuries. Seedlings can vary in size but must be sorted by size and kept separately to prevent competition. In large-scale yellow eel farming, the availability of quail seedlings is a critical factor. Additionally, during breeding, it's important to maintain a balanced sex ratio to avoid issues caused by an overabundance of males or females.
Next, feeding techniques play a key role in the growth and health of the eels. A well-structured "four set" feeding approach is recommended:
1. **Quality**: The feed must be fresh and nutritious. Avoid rancid or moldy materials. The diet should include animal-based proteins like meat, along with plant-based ingredients such as bran, rice bran, and vegetables. Astragalus has strong feeding preferences, so early on, a variety of low-cost, high-protein feeds (with 35%-40% protein) should be used to establish good eating habits.
2. **Quantity**: Feeding amounts should increase gradually with rising temperatures. For example, in November, feed about 3%-4% of body weight daily, with two meals per day. As temperatures rise, adjust accordingly, reaching up to 8%-10% in summer months.
3. **Timing**: Since eels are nocturnal feeders, feeding should initially occur at around 4-5 PM. As they adapt, feeding times can be adjusted to earlier hours, eventually shifting to daytime during the growing season.
4. **Location**: A fixed feeding area, such as a wooden frame with polyethylene mesh, should be established to encourage consistent feeding behavior. If no fixed table is available, choose a consistent spot for feeding.
In addition to feeding, proper management practices are vital. The "five prevention" measures include:
1. **Water Quality Control**: Maintain clean, oxygen-rich water (at least 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen). Regular water changes (every 5-7 days) help prevent deterioration. During hot weather, remove leftover bait daily and change water more frequently.
2. **Temperature Regulation**: Provide shade in summer and maintain adequate water levels to avoid sudden temperature drops, which can cause jaundice and death.
3. **Escape Prevention**: Ensure pond walls, drainage systems, and water levels are properly maintained to prevent escape.
4. **Disease Prevention**: Monitor for signs of illness, especially after transport or during high-density rearing. Use preventive treatments like soaking or sterilizing feed.
5. **Predator Protection**: Secure the pond to prevent livestock or poultry from entering and preying on the eels.
Feeding strategies also involve various live baits, such as earthworms, small fish, snails, and larvae, which can be cultivated or collected based on local conditions. Other methods include using soy milk, silkworm pupae, and recycled food scraps to supplement the diet.
Finally, maintenance and seasonal management are essential. During the winter, when water temperatures drop below 10°C, eels begin hibernation. Proper preparation includes draining the pond partially, covering with straw, and ensuring no heavy objects are placed above the mud to avoid blocking tunnels. Throughout the year, regular monitoring of feeding, water quality, and health ensures successful rearing and maximizes profits.
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