Rapeseed is the primary oil crop in Hanjiang District, Chongqing. The annual planting area exceeds 100,000 mu, with a total output of approximately 9.5 million kilograms. However, field investigations have revealed several management issues in seedling beds that require immediate attention. To address these challenges, we have developed specific strategies to improve seedbed management and ensure healthy, high-quality seedlings.
First, early and uniform seedling thinning is crucial to prevent problems like "high-footed" or "bent seedlings." When the seedlings have 1–2 leaves, it's essential to follow the principle of "thin out weak ones, keep strong ones, remove sick ones, and retain pure varieties." At the three-leaf stage, thinning should be done to leave 50,000–60,000 seedlings per acre, with one mu of seedbed providing enough for five mu of land.
Second, early recovery of seedlings involves combining thinning with top-dressing using diluted manure to maintain moisture and meet the nutrient needs during the seedling stage. Applying 4.5 kg of urea per acre mixed with 400–500 kg of water can help promote vigorous growth. A second top-dressing should be applied 5–7 days before transplanting to encourage root development, ensuring better survival after transplanting. In wet or cold weather, it's important to control fertilizer and water to avoid root rot and frost damage.
Third, dwarfing treatment and boron application are essential for robust seedling growth. Spraying 15 g of 15% paclobutrazol per mu (or half the amount if using 25% high-efficiency azole) with 75 kg of water helps control plant height and improve resistance. Since rapeseed is highly sensitive to boron, applying 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution one or two times before transplanting is necessary. This should be done in parallel with dwarfing treatment to ensure optimal growth and prevent issues like "flowers without fruit."
Fourth, pest and disease control is vital. Common pests include downy mildew, cabbage caterpillars, aphids, beetles, and diamondback moths. For downy mildew, 100 g of 40% carbendazim in 100 kg of water can be sprayed. For insect control, mix 100 g of omethoate, 50 ml of deltamethrin, 50 ml of insecticidal king, or 80 ml of enemy killed in 100 kg of water to effectively manage pests.
Lastly, chemical weeding is necessary to reduce labor. Before the first and second weeds appear (with 2–6 leaves), apply 25 ml of 10.8% fluazifop-P-butyl per acre, or 50 ml of 50% clethodim, or 50 ml of 50% pendimethalin, mixed with 40–50 kg of water for effective weed control.
These measures aim to enhance seedling quality, increase yield, and ensure sustainable production of rapeseed in Hanjiang District.
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