Under natural environmental conditions, various water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes, exposed rock outcrops, ditches, ponds, and other aquatic environments can support fish reproduction. However, with the continuous advancement of scientific and technological methods, water production units across the country have now developed and mastered a comprehensive set of artificial breeding techniques through extensive trials and research.
When breeding fish artificially, it is essential to select high-quality broodstock that are healthy, disease-free, and genetically strong. The ideal age for broodstock is between 3 to 5 years old. Female fish should weigh at least 0.75 kg, while males should be above 0.48 kg. Fish that are well-developed and of appropriate size are preferred as broodstock.
For cultivation, each acre of pond (with a depth of 1.5 to 1.8 meters) should contain approximately 80 to 100 broodstock fish, weighing between 1.2 to 2.48 kg. Additionally, 4 to 5 kg of squid, 3 to 4 kg of polyculture, and 1 to 5 golden carp (Aristichthys nobilis) per acre are typically stocked. Before the spawning season, during winter or just before the start of feeding, it's important to check the gonadal development of the male and female fish. Based on this assessment, an oxytocin solution is administered to the broodstock in the spawning pool to stimulate breeding.
The diet of the broodstock is carefully managed throughout the year. In early spring, the primary feed consists of green fodder, such as young dry ryegrass (rye grass) and malt. A small amount of bean cakes and grains may also be added to supplement their nutrition. As the spawning season approaches in mid-April, the use of concentrated feeds is gradually reduced, and the diet is shifted back to green feed. On average, each kilogram of broodstock receives about 0.5 kg of food daily, ensuring optimal health and reproductive readiness.
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