Wild boar farming has gained increasing attention in recent years. These animals are known for their strong disease resistance, high lean meat ratio, superior meat quality, lower breeding costs, and higher efficiency, making them more advantageous than domestic pigs. With a growing market demand, the price of wild boar skyrocketed from 30 yuan per kilogram in 2005 to over 40 yuan in 2006, with some areas like Shanghai reaching as high as 56 yuan per kilogram. Farmers who raise a small group of wild boars can earn up to 100,000 yuan in profit, which has led many pig farms to switch to wild boar breeding. It has also become a popular choice among investors and farmers alike. Below are the key techniques involved in wild boar farming:
First, site selection and construction:
Wild boar farms should be located on elevated ground for proper drainage. Existing pig houses can be modified for use, or new enclosures can be built. A typical enclosure consists of an inner nesting area and an outdoor exercise space. The floor should be cemented, and the area needs good lighting and ventilation. The nesting room is where the boars sleep and eat, typically about 3 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. Sheds are added for shelter, and automatic waterers are installed at different heights for easy access. The outdoor area doesn't need a roof, allowing wild boars to defecate, exercise, and get sunlight. It's also around 3 meters by 2.5 meters, with a manure ditch along one wall. The building height is usually between 1.7 to 1.8 meters. For sow houses, an additional room for nursing piglets is essential. A 1-meter-wide passage connects the indoor and outdoor areas, ensuring smooth movement. Gates are typically placed in front of the nesting area.
Second, scientific selection:
Wild boars come in various hybrid forms, with purity levels ranging from 100% to 25%. For breeding purposes, 75% pure wild boars are recommended. They offer the best balance of traits, including growth rate, litter size, and disease resistance. Higher purity can lead to slower growth and smaller litters, while lower purity (like 50% or 25%) may not provide significant advantages over domestic pigs. Moreover, even within 75% purity, there can be considerable variation in performance depending on breeding methods. For example, in Zhaobao Village, Fujian, after 10 years of selective breeding, high-yield wild boars have litters of 12 to 14 piglets, with some reaching up to 17. This is nearly 2.5 times that of regular wild boars. Therefore, farmers must prioritize selecting high-quality stock and be cautious of unscrupulous breeders.
Third, breeding techniques:
Wild boars reach sexual maturity at around 5 to 6 months of age, weighing between 40 to 60 kg. When females show signs of estrus, such as swollen and red external genitalia, it’s time to mate. The best time is when the genitalia turn dark purple, slightly shriveled, and the sow stands still when touched. Mating usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes. To improve conception rates, it’s advisable to use a two-step mating method—mating again every 6 to 8 hours. This increases the chances of successful fertilization. Mating is often done in a public barn to reduce stress on the male boar, helping him breed more effectively. After mating, the female is returned to her pen. If she doesn’t show signs of estrus after 20 days, it’s likely she is pregnant. Female wild boars typically have a 16 to 18-day estrous cycle.
Wild boars have a low feed intake and are usually fed 2 to 3 times daily. They prefer raw food and thrive on a varied diet, including weeds, vegetables, plant roots, and crop stalks. Green feed, such as sweet potato leaves, barley, potatoes, and grass, makes up over 50% of their diet, with a small amount of concentrated feed being sufficient to maintain health. Concentrated feed typically includes energy sources like corn, sorghum, and barley, along with protein sources such as soybean meal, fish meal, and mineral supplements.
At Zhaobao Farming Co., Ltd., they have successfully integrated wild boar farming with raising rare birds like pheasants and green-shelled laying hens. By adding 20-30% fermented chicken manure to the feed (50 kg of manure mixed with 1 kg of ferric sulfate, EM bacteria, and 25 liters of water, left to ferment for 1–2 days), they achieve a nutritional profile similar to bran and rice bran. This feed contains 25.5–31.8% crude protein and significantly reduces the need for commercial concentrates.
A standard reference feed formula for wild boars includes: 41% corn flour, 15% bran, 10% peanut bran powder, 3% fish meal, 15% crude bran, 2% shell powder, 1% growth promoter, 0.5% trace elements, 0.5% salt, 12% soybean meal, and 20 grams of multi-vitamins. This balanced diet supports healthy growth and development.
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