Wild boar farming has gained increasing attention in recent years. Compared to domestic pigs, wild boars offer better disease resistance, a higher lean meat ratio, superior meat quality, lower breeding costs, and greater efficiency, making them a promising option for farmers and investors alike. In 2006, the market price of wild boar surged from 30 yuan per kilogram in 2005 to over 40 yuan, with some regions like Shanghai even reaching as high as 56 yuan per kilogram. Farmers who raised wild boars could earn up to 100,000 yuan per batch, which has led many pig farms to switch to wild boar breeding. This trend has also attracted numerous investors and farmers looking for profitable opportunities. The following are key techniques for successful wild boar farming:
First, site selection and housing design:
Wild boar farms should be located on elevated ground to ensure good drainage. Existing pig houses can be modified for this purpose. A new wild boar enclosure typically includes an inner nest area and an outdoor exercise space. The floor should be cemented, and proper lighting and ventilation are essential. The nest room is used for resting and feeding, measuring about 3 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. It usually follows a traditional pig house style, with two levels of automatic waterers for both drinking and watering. The outdoor area, without a roof, allows wild boars to defecate, exercise, and bask in the sun. It is approximately 3 meters by 2.5 meters, with a manure ditch along one wall and a cemented surface. The building height is generally between 1.7 to 1.8 meters. For sow enclosures, a separate room is needed for piglet feeding. A 1-meter-wide passage connects the indoor and outdoor areas, allowing free movement. Gates are typically placed at the front of the nest room.
Second, scientific selection of stock:
Wild boars can have different hybridization levels, such as 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% purity. For breeding purposes, it's best to choose 75% pure wild boars, as they balance productivity, disease resistance, and meat quality. Higher purity boars tend to reproduce slowly, have fewer litters, and are harder to raise. Lower purity breeds (like 50% or 25%) often resemble domestic pigs in appearance and performance, offering no significant advantage. Moreover, even within the same 75% purity group, there can be variations in disease resistance and litter size depending on breeding methods. For example, in Zhaobao Village, Fujian Province, high-yield special wild boars have produced litters of 12–14 piglets, with a maximum of 17, which is 2.5 times that of regular wild boars. Farmers must be cautious and prioritize selecting healthy, high-quality stock to avoid scams.
Third, breeding techniques:
Wild boars can start mating at 5–6 months of age, weighing 40–60 kg. When a female enters estrus, it’s common to use early-born sows for earlier breeding. During estrus, the external genitalia becomes red and swollen. The best time to breed is when the area turns dark purple, slightly shriveled, or when the sow stands still when touched. Mating usually lasts 10–20 minutes. To improve conception rates, a "compounding method" is recommended—mating again every 6–8 hours. Breeding is often done in a public barn, as it helps male boars adapt more quickly. After mating, the sow is returned to her pen. If she does not show signs of estrus after 20 days, it is likely she is pregnant.
Wild boars have a low feed intake and are usually fed 2–3 times daily. They prefer raw food and a varied diet, including weeds, vegetables, plant roots, and crop stalks. Green feeds like sweet potato leaves, barley, potatoes, and grass make up over 50% of their diet, with small amounts of concentrated feed sufficient for growth. Concentrated feed typically includes energy sources like corn, sorghum, and rice, along with protein sources such as soybean meal, fish meal, and mineral supplements.
Zhaobao Farming Co., Ltd. uses fermented chicken manure as a cost-effective feed supplement. By mixing 50 kg of chicken droppings with 1 kg of ferric sulfate, EM bacteria, and 25 kg of water, they create a nutritious feed similar to bran, containing 25.5–31.8% crude protein. This reduces the need for expensive concentrates while maintaining good animal health.
A reference feed formula for wild boars includes: 41% corn flour, 15% bran, 10% peanut bran, 3% fish meal, 15% crude bran, 2% shell powder, 1% growth promoter, 0.5% trace elements, 0.5% salt, 12% soybean meal, and 20 grams of multi-vitamins. This balanced diet ensures optimal growth and performance.
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