Strawberry cultivation in small greenhouses has shown promising results, with plants growing stronger and maturing 19 to 22 days earlier than those grown in open fields. The harvesting period is extended by 13 days, and the total yield increases by 17% compared to traditional field cultivation. Here are the detailed techniques used:
First, the construction of small greenhouses typically involves a width of about 3 meters, accommodating two rows of plants. Bamboo or wooden poles are inserted at both ends of the north and south sides, with one pole every 0.5 meters along the length. A central support is set up to create an arched structure with a height of about 1 meter. The greenhouse should be 10 to 20 meters long for better ventilation and management. The structure is covered with 0.06 mm thick polyethylene film, oriented north-south for optimal sunlight exposure.
Second, the planting process begins in late July to early August. Healthy shoots with 5 to 6 leaves, short stems, and new roots are selected for propagation. The planting site should have fertile soil, with 700 to 800 kg of well-decomposed organic manure and 35 to 50 kg of superphosphate added per 667 square meters. Plants are spaced 25 cm apart in rows, with 20 cm between each plant. After planting, water is applied immediately. For the first 4 to 5 days, watering is done once daily. Once the seedlings have developed 2 to 3 leaves, urea is applied at 7.5 to 10 kg per 667 square meters to promote strong growth and flower bud formation.
Third, field management includes several key steps. In mid-December, frozen water is poured into the soil before it freezes. After 3 to 5 days, when the surface dries slightly, the seedlings are covered with 0.015 mm thick plastic film. The film is tightly secured and sealed with soil around the edges. A layer of 3 cm thick wheat or rice straw is placed on top to protect the plants during winter.
The greenhouse is opened in early February. Opening too early may expose young plants to cold winds, while opening too late reduces the benefit of early harvest. Before covering the greenhouse, the existing mulch film is removed, and the new plastic cover is placed over the frame. By mid to late April, when natural temperatures meet the growth needs of strawberries, the greenhouse can be uncovered to prevent overheating, which could affect fruit quality.
After setting up the greenhouse, it should be closed within one week to help raise the temperature inside. During the budding stage, the temperature should be maintained between 15-20°C, and during flowering and fruiting, between 20-25°C, not exceeding 35°C. Once all buds are visible and sprouts appear, the mulch film is kept in place to protect the root system. At this stage, 10 to 15 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters. Nitrogen fertilizer is generally avoided unless necessary. Watering is minimized to prevent high humidity, which can lead to leggy growth and poor fruiting.
Finally, strawberries are harvested when fully matured, usually around 89 days after planting. Harvesting at the right time helps avoid damage caused by excessive heat and humidity inside the greenhouse, which can lead to rotting fruits.
Author: Zhaozhai Science and Technology Department, Qimiao Township, Fuyang City, Anhui Province.
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