The cultivation of strawberries in small greenhouses has proven to be highly effective, resulting in stronger plant growth and earlier maturity. Compared to traditional open-field farming, the harvest period is extended by 13 days, and the total yield increases by 17%. The plants mature 19 to 22 days earlier, making this method ideal for early market entry. Here are the detailed techniques:
First, constructing the greenhouse structure. A typical small shed should be about 3 meters wide, built using two rows of plants. Bamboo or wooden poles are inserted at the edges of the north and south sides, with one pole every 0.5 meters along the length. A central support is placed in the middle, forming an arched structure with a height of about 1 meter. The length of the shed should be between 10 to 20 meters for better ventilation and ease of management. The structure is covered with 0.06mm thick polyethylene film, facing north-south for optimal sunlight exposure.
Second, planting in late July to early August. It's best to select young shoots with 5 to 6 leaves, short stems, and well-developed roots. The planting area should have rich, fertile soil. For each 667 square meters, apply 700 to 800 kg of high-quality decomposed manure and mix in 35 to 50 kg of superphosphate. Plant the seedlings in rows spaced 25 cm apart, with 20 cm between each plant. After planting, water immediately. For the first 4 to 5 days, water once daily. Once the plants begin to grow and develop 2 to 3 new leaves, apply 7.5 to 10 kg of urea per 667 square meters to promote healthy seedling and flower bud development.
Third, field management is crucial. In mid-December, pour frozen water into the soil before it freezes. After 3 to 5 days, when the surface dries slightly, cover the seedlings with 0.015 mm thick plastic film. Secure the film tightly and press it with soil around the edges. Then, place a 3 cm layer of wheat or rice straw on top to protect the plants during winter.
In early February, start covering the greenhouse. If done too early, the seedlings may be damaged by cold winds; if too late, the benefits of early maturation will be reduced. Before covering the greenhouse, remove the existing mulch film and then place the new plastic sheet over the frame. By mid to late April, when natural temperatures are suitable, the greenhouse can be opened to prevent overheating, which could affect fruiting.
Within one week after covering the greenhouse, ensure it is sealed to raise the internal temperature quickly, promoting early sprouting. Once the buds appear, cover the plants at night and gradually adjust the covering time. During the sprouting phase, maintain a temperature of 15–20°C, and during flowering and fruiting, keep it between 20–25°C, not exceeding 35°C. Once all buds are visible and sprouts emerge, secure the mulch film to the ground and continue protecting the root system. At this stage, apply 10–15 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. Avoid applying nitrogen unless necessary. Water only when the soil dries out to prevent excessive humidity, which can lead to leggy seedlings and poor fruiting.
Fourth, harvesting begins when the fruits are fully matured, typically around 89% ripe. Harvesting at this stage helps avoid spoilage caused by high temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse.
Author: Fuyang City Qimiao Township Science and Technology Department, Anhui Province.
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