Release date: 2010-11-26
For the first time, Stanford University School of Medicine successfully transformed human normal cells into three-dimensional cancer tissue in tissue culture dishes.
The results of this study provide a new way to observe how cells divide and invade surrounding tissues, and help to better understand the behavior of cancer in the human body, while also allowing rapid and inexpensive anticancer drug testing without animal experiments. . The research results were published online in the 21st issue of Nature Medicine.
Dr. Paul Cavalli, director of the dermatology department at Stanford University School of Medicine, said that using animal models, the above experiments usually take several months to complete, and now it only takes a few days. It is reported that researchers focus on epithelial cells, and epithelial cancer accounts for about 90% of human cancer incidence.
The normal human cells used by the researchers were taken from the skin, the cervix, the esophagus, and the throat. In order to make normal cells become cancerous, they first use the virus to affect two known gene channels that lead to uncontrolled growth of the cells, and found that simultaneously changing these two gene channels is an effective way to transform normal cells.
Then, the researchers implanted epithelial cells with initial cancerous changes into tissue culture dishes containing other skin components of the human body. The observations showed that the epithelial cells first adhered to the basement membrane in the culture dish and formed a three-dimensional cross-sectional skin that appeared normal; however, after about 6 days, the cells began to show signs of malignant changes, which penetrated the basement membrane. And invade the underlying matrix tissue.
Kavali said: "This reflects the natural phenomenon of human tumors. Usually, it takes several years for cells to change from an early malignant state to an invasive cancer. Only in this perfect human tissue model environment, cell changes It will develop faster.†In addition, after analyzing the cultured cancer cells, the researchers found that their shape is consistent with the naturally growing cancer cells in the human body.
Using newly developed cancer tissue culture dishes, the researchers tested 20 experimental anticancer drugs and tracked three experimental drugs that allowed epithelial cells to stop invading the basement membrane, indicating that they could be potential candidates. Although the candidate drug can eventually be developed into an anticancer drug and needs to be optimized for animal experiments, the use of cancer cell culture dishes for advanced screening can allow researchers to narrow down the selection. It is emphasized that most of the above 20 anticancer drugs are not easily tested in animals themselves because of the problems in their current form that are difficult to manage and toxic.
The three-dimensional cancer cell culture environment also shows that stromal cells themselves promote the invasion of cancerous epithelial cells in a certain way, and these cells do not need to be sharply split to achieve the purpose of invading the basement membrane.
Kavali said that they are now able to cultivate a variety of tumors from different human tissues and have acquired new ways that may reflect the natural occurrence of human tumors. However, he also pointed out that the new research model does not contain other biological factors such as the immune system and metabolism.
Source: Technology Daily
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