In the process of nursery seedlings, the seed of greening tree species often fails to reach the desired rate of emergence and uniformity, that is, emergence failure due to various reasons. Seedling disorders can be roughly divided into several types: no emergence, low emergence rate, irregular emergence, and dead seedlings. The reasons for the emergence of seedlings of green tree species are mainly due to the following aspects.
(a) The cause of the seed itself. The reason for the seed is the internal cause of seed emergence. When certain traits of the seed do not meet the requirements, it will inevitably affect the seedling emergence. Generally, there are the following factors:
1. Use immature seeds. Embryo development is not complete, such as Ginkgo biloba, the phenomenon of physiological after-ripening seeds after shedding, incomplete development of embryos, so that when the seed germination nutrition.
2, using Chen seeds. The lifespan of different seeds is different. When the seed exceeds the service life, the germination rate will be reduced; sometimes even if the life does not exceed the service life, the seed preservation time is too long, its ability to unearth will also be reduced, and the phenomenon of unearthing in a cap occurs.
3. Seeds suffer from pests and diseases. If the seed is infected or infested during storage or during sowing, ie the seed is mildewed or damaged, the ability to germinate will be reduced or even lost.
4. Some seed coats are hard and dense, such as twigs, locusts, walnuts, oleanders, plums, peaches, etc. They are not treated at the time of sowing. The seeds are difficult to absorb and the embryos cannot break through the testa. Causes low seedlings or irregular emergence.
5. Seeds themselves contain germination inhibitors. For example, Pinus koraiensis seed coat contains about 5.5% tannins and hawthorn, which affects seed germination.
(b) Soil factors. If there are pathogens, pests in the soil, soil compaction, thin or moisture content, improper use of herbicides will affect the germination of the seed.
(c) Temperature factors. Temperature has a great influence on the germination of seeds. The appropriate temperature can promote the seed to germinate quickly. If the temperature is too high or too low, it will not be conducive to the germination of the seed, or even cause the seed to lose its germination power and die. Temperature change conditions can stimulate the activity of the enzyme, which is conducive to the transformation of nutrients inside the seed and is conducive to gas exchange, which is conducive to the germination of seeds.
(4) Factors for sowing
1, sowing season and time is not suitable.
2. Before sowing, the seeds are sown without pregermination treatment and disinfection; if the sowing technique is not up to standard during the sowing process, such as non-uniform sowing, too shallow or too deep covering, fine soil, and whether the seeds are Close contact with the soil, etc., are all external causes of emergence disorders.
Second, the emergence of the prevention and treatment of obstacles
In view of the above-mentioned factors that cause seed emergence disorders, the following aspects should be grasped during the sowing process.
1, selection. Choose full, fresh, pest-free, and mature quality seeds. If you use Chen seeds, you must pay attention to the useful life, test the germination potential and germination rate at the same time, and accurately grasp the germination ability of the seeds.
2, the storage of seeds. Most of the garden trees' seeds are harvested after harvesting using suitable methods. Generally, it is required to maintain a dry environment and it is best to store them at low temperature.
3. Select the appropriate sowing date and sowing time. Most green tree species are suitable for spring sowing. Such as skunks, artichokes, walnuts, birch, ginkgo, etc.; autumn sowing is also an important sowing season, generally except for seeds with small seeds and large water content that are easily damaged by freezing, the seeds of most garden trees can be sown in autumn, especially It is a seed that has a longer dormancy period such as korean pine, ash, etc., or a seed with a large grain size such as chestnut, mountain peach, apricot, and zelkova.
4, seed disinfection. Before sowing, the seeds and soil are sterilized by dressings or soaking. Commonly used pharmaceuticals include: 0.3-1% copper sulfate solution, 0.15% formaldehyde, etc., or soaked in powder, Xilisheng, 65% zein zinc and other seed dressing.
5, germination. For the hard seed coat, stratification, mechanical damage treatment or chemical treatment can be used to change the seed coat permeability. For most of the seed soaked with water can promote seed coat softening, water swelling, early germination.
6. Site preparation before broadcast. The land is required to be finely crushed, and the smaller the seed, the smaller the soil particles should be, so that the seed is in full contact with the soil; in addition, the seeding area should be flat so that the irrigation is even.
7, sowing. Sowing should be uniform, density appropriate, according to the local climatic conditions, soil conditions, seed size, cover material, etc. to determine the thickness of the cover, the general cover thickness is about 1-3 times the diameter of the seed. Too deep seedlings are not easy to unearth, and the shallow soil layer is easy to dry.
8, management. In order to create good conditions for seed germination and unearthing, it should be carefully managed after sowing. Keep the soil moist and loose. In spring, use straw cover to keep warm. In summer, it should be shaded, kept cool and protected, timely weeding and weeding, pay attention to water quality and water when watering, etc.
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