According to biological theory, a gene usually determines a trait of an organism. A discovery by Wang Shiping, a professor at Huazhong Agricultural University’s research team, has changed this intrinsic understanding: A new rice gene they discovered controls two completely different traits.
The research results were published in the May edition of the internationally renowned academic magazine "Genetics and Development". After the publication of the article, it caused great interest in the magazine. Then it published a three-page review, and Wang Shiping's research paper was about six pages long.
It is understood that this research is a sub-topic under the "National Science and Technology Genome Study on Important Agronomic Traits of Rice" led by Huazhong Nongda. When research was started in 1999, Wang Shiping’s researchers found that the gene called Xa13 in rice is susceptible to bacterial leaf blight; when it is removed, bacteria cannot survive in rice, and rice has good disease resistance. . The researchers therefore hope that it will play a role in the improvement of rice varieties.
However, scientists later stumbled upon the fact that once the function of the gene was completely inhibited, rice was completely seedless; if it did not completely inhibit its function, rice would bind a little seed.
The researchers concluded that this shows that the Xa13 gene not only controls the reproductive growth of rice, but also controls the disease resistance of rice, which means that two completely independent life activities are controlled by the same gene.
According to traditional biological theory, a gene controls a trait, such as what kind of cancer a person has, or whether the height is controlled by a certain gene. The discovery of Wang Shiping's equality has denied this understanding.
Wang Shiping said yesterday that this gene is both a human friend and an enemy of mankind. Without it, rice cannot bind seeds, but with it, rice is also susceptible to bacterial blight - one of the three major threats to rice production in the world.
The existence of this rice harmful gene also changed another traditional biological understanding. Wang Shiping said that the process of biological evolution is the process of retaining beneficial and eliminating harmful traits. As the environment changes, harmful genes will gradually be eliminated during the evolution process. However, the researchers found that the harmful genes in the process of biological evolution may still remain intact in the genome.
Experts said that the findings could also provide a new way of looking for ways to improve rice disease resistance and increase yield: if it can inhibit the role of the gene in rice leaves, it can reduce the possibility of rice bacterial blight infection; and at the same time Enhancing the role of this gene in rice flower can also increase rice yield. Therefore, researchers will be expected to obtain more excellent rice.
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