Using puffed floating full-priced compound feed to raise grass carp has many advantages, such as reducing the cost, protecting the aquaculture water environment, and increasing the utilization rate. In countries with developed farming techniques such as the United States and Japan, in order to meet the needs of the environment and fishery production, floating aquafeeds have been widely used since the 1980s. In recent years, China has also vigorously promoted the use of floating aquafeeds. It has developed rapidly. Many famous aquatic products have been used in large quantities, but there is still a relative lack of use of expanded floating fish feed to farm four major fish.
First, what is extruded floating material? The puffed floating material is based on the original formula of full-price pelleted feed. After being improved, it matures and mixes at a higher temperature and pressure space than pelleted feed, and then enters the general air environment, so it naturally expands. Each grain feed produces more loose pores, the same volume of feed, lighter weight, so that after proper processing, it will float on the water. Just like popcorn, it only makes the feed crisper and improves the conversion rate. It does not add a chemical bulking agent as some people say.
Second, why is the use of floating water in other special aquaculture feeds faster to be accepted by people and the use of extruded floating materials for the cultivation of the fourth domestic fish is progressing slowly? The ultimate reason is economic problems. Due to the high price of special aquatic products, the corresponding feed products can be produced and the higher prices can be accepted by users. However, the price of the four major fish is not too high after all, and the profit margin is relatively small. To ensure the quality of feed, farmers must be able to accept the price. However, the products that users really benefit from after use are really harder than the production of pellet feed and can really take care of each of them. In terms of factors, there are not many manufacturers that can provide farmers with a good and effective puffed floating material product. Therefore, there has been slow progress in the use of floating bulk materials in the production of four domestic fish.
Third, how to choose extruded floating material? Relatively speaking, the production of puffed floating material is more expensive than the production of pelleted feed. Therefore, when selecting extruded floating materials for the production of four major domestic fish, in addition to selecting well-known brands, it is necessary to consider comprehensively in terms of quality and price. Horizontal feed varieties. In terms of protein content, it is best to choose between 20-30 proteins. Because of the low protein content of the feed, although the price is lower, the processing cost of the expanded material is relatively high, and the available nutrient content is relatively small, which will increase the cost of breeding; the price of feed that can be really used for high protein content It will be expensive, and the content of nutrients in grass carp excreta will be higher, resulting in waste. In terms of price, we should choose a slightly more expensive variety than the large-scale pellets used in the market.
IV. What are the benefits of using the extruded floating material to culture the four major fish?
1, high feed utilization rate. Because the extruded material can be produced at a higher processing temperature and a longer maturation time than the pellet feed, it has a better maturation degree and can change the structure of the non-absorbed components in the feed so that it can be digested and absorbed. Elimination of harmful substances in feed is like our own digestion and absorption of most cooked foods. After the same pellet feed is puffed, the absorption and utilization of grass carp is increased by more than 30%, and the same is true for extruded puffed grass fish. Crispy, grass carp good palatability, eat better.
2, easy to manage. The extruded floating material can float on the water for a long time, and the floating time is more than 10 hours, which is convenient for observing the fish's feeding condition and controlling the feeding amount. The artificial waste can be reduced to zero, and it is convenient for feeding, saving a lot of time and improving. Labor productivity.
3, disease prevention is good. The harmful bacteria such as E.coli, mold, and serratia in the material are completely destroyed by high temperature and high pressure during the expansion process, which reduces the infection of intestinal diseases in the four major fish and can reduce the occurrence of diseases. Because the floating fish floats on the water, the four major fish can only feed on the surface of the water body. This will not turn over sludge containing large amounts of bacteria at the bottom of the pond to reduce the chance of infection, and the surface water in the rearing pond water is rich in dissolved oxygen. There are few harmful substances. In such an environment, the four major fishes will not only eat better, but also increase their resistance to diseases and their growth will be healthier and faster.
4, water quality is better. Because the puffed floating material has a higher digestion and absorption rate than the pelleted feed, and has a low feed coefficient, the nutrient content in the fish excrement will be lower, and the amount of powder will be less, thus avoiding the residual bait in the water body, thus greatly reducing the pollution of the water body environment. In order to ensure the production of the four major fish in a better water environment is extremely advantageous.
5. The ten advantages and disadvantages of floating fish feed and general pelleted fish feed and raw materials are shown in the attached table. 5. How to choose feed for wintering grass carp in the Pearl River Delta? Under normal circumstances, grass carp eats little or no particulate sink material after the water temperature drops in winter, which limits its growth. If the pellets are submerged in water and cause waste, the feeding of fish will limit the growth of the fish.
After a large-scale experiment by the author, it was found that the use of floating materials to feed grass carp, grass carp when the water temperature dropped to 15 °C in fine weather, can also have 2% -4% feed intake, grass carp grow better. Therefore, in the season when the water temperature is relatively low, floating materials are used, and the cultivation of the four domestic fish is a very good material method.
First, what is extruded floating material? The puffed floating material is based on the original formula of full-price pelleted feed. After being improved, it matures and mixes at a higher temperature and pressure space than pelleted feed, and then enters the general air environment, so it naturally expands. Each grain feed produces more loose pores, the same volume of feed, lighter weight, so that after proper processing, it will float on the water. Just like popcorn, it only makes the feed crisper and improves the conversion rate. It does not add a chemical bulking agent as some people say.
Second, why is the use of floating water in other special aquaculture feeds faster to be accepted by people and the use of extruded floating materials for the cultivation of the fourth domestic fish is progressing slowly? The ultimate reason is economic problems. Due to the high price of special aquatic products, the corresponding feed products can be produced and the higher prices can be accepted by users. However, the price of the four major fish is not too high after all, and the profit margin is relatively small. To ensure the quality of feed, farmers must be able to accept the price. However, the products that users really benefit from after use are really harder than the production of pellet feed and can really take care of each of them. In terms of factors, there are not many manufacturers that can provide farmers with a good and effective puffed floating material product. Therefore, there has been slow progress in the use of floating bulk materials in the production of four domestic fish.
Third, how to choose extruded floating material? Relatively speaking, the production of puffed floating material is more expensive than the production of pelleted feed. Therefore, when selecting extruded floating materials for the production of four major domestic fish, in addition to selecting well-known brands, it is necessary to consider comprehensively in terms of quality and price. Horizontal feed varieties. In terms of protein content, it is best to choose between 20-30 proteins. Because of the low protein content of the feed, although the price is lower, the processing cost of the expanded material is relatively high, and the available nutrient content is relatively small, which will increase the cost of breeding; the price of feed that can be really used for high protein content It will be expensive, and the content of nutrients in grass carp excreta will be higher, resulting in waste. In terms of price, we should choose a slightly more expensive variety than the large-scale pellets used in the market.
IV. What are the benefits of using the extruded floating material to culture the four major fish?
1, high feed utilization rate. Because the extruded material can be produced at a higher processing temperature and a longer maturation time than the pellet feed, it has a better maturation degree and can change the structure of the non-absorbed components in the feed so that it can be digested and absorbed. Elimination of harmful substances in feed is like our own digestion and absorption of most cooked foods. After the same pellet feed is puffed, the absorption and utilization of grass carp is increased by more than 30%, and the same is true for extruded puffed grass fish. Crispy, grass carp good palatability, eat better.
2, easy to manage. The extruded floating material can float on the water for a long time, and the floating time is more than 10 hours, which is convenient for observing the fish's feeding condition and controlling the feeding amount. The artificial waste can be reduced to zero, and it is convenient for feeding, saving a lot of time and improving. Labor productivity.
3, disease prevention is good. The harmful bacteria such as E.coli, mold, and serratia in the material are completely destroyed by high temperature and high pressure during the expansion process, which reduces the infection of intestinal diseases in the four major fish and can reduce the occurrence of diseases. Because the floating fish floats on the water, the four major fish can only feed on the surface of the water body. This will not turn over sludge containing large amounts of bacteria at the bottom of the pond to reduce the chance of infection, and the surface water in the rearing pond water is rich in dissolved oxygen. There are few harmful substances. In such an environment, the four major fishes will not only eat better, but also increase their resistance to diseases and their growth will be healthier and faster.
4, water quality is better. Because the puffed floating material has a higher digestion and absorption rate than the pelleted feed, and has a low feed coefficient, the nutrient content in the fish excrement will be lower, and the amount of powder will be less, thus avoiding the residual bait in the water body, thus greatly reducing the pollution of the water body environment. In order to ensure the production of the four major fish in a better water environment is extremely advantageous.
5. The ten advantages and disadvantages of floating fish feed and general pelleted fish feed and raw materials are shown in the attached table. 5. How to choose feed for wintering grass carp in the Pearl River Delta? Under normal circumstances, grass carp eats little or no particulate sink material after the water temperature drops in winter, which limits its growth. If the pellets are submerged in water and cause waste, the feeding of fish will limit the growth of the fish.
After a large-scale experiment by the author, it was found that the use of floating materials to feed grass carp, grass carp when the water temperature dropped to 15 °C in fine weather, can also have 2% -4% feed intake, grass carp grow better. Therefore, in the season when the water temperature is relatively low, floating materials are used, and the cultivation of the four domestic fish is a very good material method.
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