Aphids are one of the primary pests that can lead to the failure of edible fungus cultivation. These pests, also known as bacillary worms, fungal spiders, or mushroom worms, cause significant damage to mushroom crops. The main species responsible for this damage include *Phytophthora line* and *red pepper pods*. Traditionally, organophosphorus insecticides such as monocrotophos, methamidophos, and phosphoramine were widely used to control aphids. However, due to their harmful effects on human health, animal safety, and the environment, these chemicals have been gradually phased out. To address this issue, a comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of several locally available acaricides, aiming to identify those that are both effective and safe for use in edible fungus production.
**Materials and Methods**
The following acaricides were tested: Triazophene (20% triazotin, Shenzhen Ruidefeng Pesticide Factory), Nisolon (thiazolyl ketone, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.), Fuling (Nanjing No. 1 Pesticide Factory), Gold Kelan (34% diesel oil, Shanghai Zhenghua Pesticide Co., Ltd.), Cypermethrin (20% fenvalerate, Nanjing No. 1 Pesticide Plant), 20% Dioxin EC (Aventis Crop Science), Xiannong Yulijin (Yinyinxite, Hubei Xianlong Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and 20% chlorinated decanoin EC (East Pesticide Factory).
In the test, each pesticide was diluted to two concentrations: 1000 times and 2000 times. Filter paper was cut slightly smaller than the diameter of petri dishes and placed inside. A small amount of the solution was sprayed onto the filter paper using a syringe, and 30 aphids were introduced into each dish. Distilled water served as the control, with three replicates per concentration. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 24 hours, after which the mortality of the aphids was observed. During the observation, a brush was used to stimulate movement, and dead individuals were counted. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and multiple comparisons.
**Results and Analysis**
The results showed that all eight tested acaricides had some level of effectiveness against aphids, with higher killing rates observed at the 1000-fold dilution compared to the 2000-fold dilution. Variance analysis revealed that the differences in killing rates between the two concentrations were highly significant for most agents. When comparing the performance of the agents, it was found that Fennel (Triazophene) had the highest killing rate at 1000-fold dilution, followed by Nisolon and Kim. At the 2000-fold dilution, Fennel still performed well, but its effectiveness decreased slightly compared to other agents.
From a cost-effectiveness perspective, Fennel and Oxazolidine were the most economical options with high killing rates, making them ideal for large-scale application. Nisolon and Kim were also effective but slightly more expensive. Overall, the study concluded that 2000-fold dilution is sufficient for controlling aphids in edible fungi, while care must be taken to avoid spraying during the fruiting stage to prevent contamination and pesticide residue issues.
**Conclusion**
This experiment evaluated the efficacy of eight acaricides against aphids in edible fungi. All agents showed some level of effectiveness, with Fennel and Oxazolidine standing out for their high killing rates and low cost. While 2000-fold dilution is practical for field applications, further research is needed to explore long-term environmental impacts and alternative pest management strategies.
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