To successfully manage the lactation period of weaned piglets, it is typically between 28 and 60 days in China. In large-scale farms, 35 days is a common weaning age, although some farms may wean pigs as early as 28 days or as late as 42 or 60 days. The optimal time for weaning, especially under good feeding conditions, is usually between 40 to 50 days of age.
There are three main weaning methods: single-time weaning, batch weaning, and gradual weaning. In practice, the most commonly used method is moving the sow without separating the piglets immediately. This approach helps reduce stress on the piglets and allows the sow to return to estrus more quickly.
In the single-time weaning method, when the piglets reach the desired age, the sow is removed from the pen while the piglets remain in their original environment. This method is simple and reduces environmental stress for the piglets. However, it can lead to issues such as mastitis in sows due to sudden separation, and piglets may experience stress or reduced growth if not properly managed. To prevent mastitis, sows should be gradually fed less or stopped a few days before weaning.
The batch weaning method involves weaning the larger, more developed piglets first, allowing the younger ones to continue nursing for a short period before being weaned later. This helps weaker piglets grow stronger before they are separated. However, this method extends the weaning period and may increase the risk of mastitis in sows due to empty teats.
The gradual weaning method involves slowly reducing the number of feedings each day until the piglets are fully weaned after about four days. While this is gentler on the sow, it requires more effort and attention from the farmer.
Proper feeding management after weaning is crucial. Piglets often experience sudden changes in environment, diet, and social structure, which can temporarily weaken their digestion, immunity, and adaptability. Sudden dietary changes can cause loss of appetite, slow weight gain, or even weight loss. Therefore, after weaning, piglets should be provided with nutrient-rich, palatable, easily digestible feed. It’s best to maintain the same feed for the first two weeks and then gradually introduce new feed to help them adapt.
Environmental management is also essential. Piglets need a clean, dry, and well-ventilated space with suitable temperatures (around 22°C) and regular disinfection using effective disinfectants. Keeping piglets in their original pen after weaning, with the sow removed, helps them stay calm and eat normally, reducing stress and improving post-weaning survival.
Feeding frequency should be adjusted after weaning. Initially, feed the piglets 4 to 5 times a day, ensuring they have enough to eat but not overfeeding. A final feeding around 9–10 PM is recommended. Clean water must always be available, and the number of feedings should gradually decrease as the piglets grow, reaching normal levels by the time they are 3 months old.
By following these three key strategies—proper weaning timing, appropriate feeding practices, and controlled environmental conditions—farmers can significantly reduce stress-related illnesses, ensure steady weight gain, and promote healthy development in weaned piglets.
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