To successfully manage the lactation period of weaned piglets, it is typically between 28 to 60 days in China. Large-scale farms commonly use a 35-day weaning age, while some may wean at 28, 42, or even 60 days. The optimal time for weaning is generally between 40 to 50 days, as this allows for better growth and development under ideal feeding conditions.
There are three main weaning methods: single-time weaning, batch weaning, and gradual weaning. In practice, the most widely used approach is to remove the sow without moving the piglets. This method helps minimize stress for the piglets and allows the sow to return to estrus more quickly.
In the single-time weaning method, the sow is removed once the piglets reach the weaning age, while the piglets remain in their original pen. This method is simple and effective in reducing environmental stress. However, it can lead to issues such as mastitis in sows due to sudden separation, and piglets may experience stress or reduced feed intake. To prevent mastitis, sows should be gradually fed less or stopped feeding 3 days before weaning.
The batch weaning method involves weaning the larger, healthier piglets first, while allowing the smaller ones to continue nursing for a few more days. This helps weaker piglets grow stronger before being weaned. However, the process can take longer, and the empty teats left behind may increase the risk of mastitis in sows.
The gradual weaning method involves slowly reducing the number of feedings over several days until the piglets are fully weaned. This method is gentler on both the sow and the piglets but requires more attention and effort from the farmer.
After weaning, piglets often face significant changes in their environment, feeding routines, and social dynamics. Their digestive systems and immune responses may temporarily weaken, making them more prone to stress and health issues. Therefore, it's important to provide high-quality, easily digestible feed that is similar to what they were previously eating. Gradually transitioning to new feed over the first two weeks after weaning helps reduce digestive upset and supports better growth.
Maintaining a clean, dry, and well-ventilated environment is crucial for post-weaning piglets. The temperature should be around 22°C, and the area should be thoroughly disinfected using an effective disinfectant, such as a composite phenolic solution. It's also beneficial to keep the piglets in their original pen when the sow is removed, as this helps them adjust more smoothly to the new situation.
Feeding frequency should be adjusted after weaning. Piglets should be fed 4 to 5 times daily, with enough food to maintain their appetite. A final feeding between 9 and 10 PM is recommended. Clean drinking water must always be available. Over time, the number of feedings can be gradually reduced, reaching the normal feeding schedule by the time the pigs are 3 months old.
By following these three key strategies—providing proper nutrition, maintaining a stable environment, and managing feeding schedules—farmers can significantly reduce the stress and health issues associated with weaning. This ensures that piglets maintain their weight, grow steadily, and transition smoothly into the next stage of development.
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