The squid, often referred to as one of the oldest and most primitive finfish on Earth, is also among the oldest vertebrate species still in existence. It evolved from ancient bony fish over 200 million years ago. The term "Sclerophylla" and "Scorpionidae" may refer to specific classifications or related species, while "Polygonaceae" is more commonly associated with plants, so it might be a misstatement in this context.
According to reports, there are approximately 27 species of squids worldwide, with 8 found in China. Among these, three notable species include the Chinese sturgeon, Amur sturgeon, and Daphnia magna. The Chinese sturgeon, in particular, is considered a rare aquatic animal in China. It holds significant scientific value, cultural importance, and economic potential. Recognized as a first-class protected species by the government, it is highly valued for its culinary and medicinal properties. Its meat is tender, rich in nutrients, and contains high levels of protein—up to 18% in the flesh and 29% in the eggs. With a spawning rate of around 25%, the yield remains substantial, making it an important resource for processing.
Processed products such as smoked eel, grilled fish fillets, and fish sausages are popular both domestically and internationally. Western European and American markets show strong interest in these delicacies, with high demand and premium pricing. In China, luxury hotels and restaurants frequently serve these items, enhancing their appeal.
Every part of the squid is valuable. From the belly to the bones, various parts are used to create traditional Chinese dishes, known for their unique flavors and high quality. The fish skin can be processed into glue or high-grade leather, while fish bones are used to make calcium-rich foods that help prevent osteoporosis, boost immunity, and support brain health. The rare salmon roe sauce, often called "black gold," is another prized product. Made from salmon eggs, it is a luxurious delicacy, with prices reaching up to $700 per kilogram in the past. Its nutritional profile includes high protein, essential amino acids, and vitamins, making it not only delicious but also highly nutritious.
The ornamental value of the carp is also remarkable. Known for its ancient lineage and distinctive appearance, it has been called a "living fossil." Its armored body, conical shape, and five rows of bony plates give it a unique aesthetic. Found in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, it is highly regarded as an ornamental fish.
However, due to environmental pollution and overfishing, many species have faced decline. Conservation efforts have been implemented globally to protect and breed these endangered fish. Successful breeding programs have not only enriched China’s aquatic biodiversity but also boosted the economy through exports. This resurgence has created new opportunities and increased market demand, showcasing the enduring value of these ancient creatures.
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