Preparation Before Stocking
Clear Pond Disinfection
To ensure a clean and safe environment for shrimp cultivation, the pond must be disinfected before stocking. A 15-25 cm deep pond is treated with quicklime at a rate of 75-80 kg per mu, evenly spread across the bottom. This helps eliminate harmful organisms and pathogens. After applying the lime, it is left to dry in the pond for 3-4 days. Then, water is added to a depth of 5-10 cm. A long-acting water disinfectant is sprayed throughout the pond to effectively kill any remaining bacteria, viruses, or pests.
Cultivating Basic Food Organisms
The cultivation of basic food organisms typically begins 10-15 days before the seedlings are introduced. Once the pond is clear, water is filled to a depth of about 50 cm. Fermented organic fertilizer or microbial preparations are used to enrich the water and promote the growth of natural food sources. Apply 100-150 kg of organic fertilizer or 1-1.5 kg of biofertilizer per cubic meter of water. This helps create a yellow-green or tea-brown water color. The water transparency should be around 25-35 cm, and the pH level should be maintained at approximately 8.
Shrimp Selection and Temporary Rearing
Selecting Healthy Shrimp
When choosing Penaeus vannamei seedlings, it's important to select those that are healthy, active, and have uniform size. The shrimp should have a slender body, clean surface, well-developed muscles, full stomachs, and show strong responses to external stimuli. Their swimming behavior should be directional, and their bodies should be transparent without any visible lesions. The ideal size for stocking is 2 cm or larger, though 1.2-1.5 cm is also acceptable. Seedlings that are too small may have lower survival rates.
Temporary Rearing Standards
Early-stage cultured shrimp are usually reared in a nylon greenhouse (or a similar structure) for 10-20 days. The timing of this temporary rearing depends on weather conditions. Outdoor water temperatures should reach at least 20°C before moving the shrimp, as colder temperatures can slow their growth. The best time for starting the holding period is usually mid-April. If needed, a boiler can be used to warm the water earlier. The stocking density during this phase should not be too high—around 1500-2000 individuals per cubic meter. Good water quality and sufficient dissolved oxygen are essential. When desalinating, the salinity of the holding pool should gradually decrease by no more than 1 unit per day until it reaches 1-1.5‰, matching the salinity of the outdoor pond. At that point, the seedlings can be released. In the middle and late stages, small holding pools can be created using plastic sheets in empty corners of the pond. Desalination time can be shortened to 7-10 days. During this period, feed should be provided. Initially, small amounts of insect-based feed or filtered liquid from washed shrimp can be given. The initial feeding rate is about 5-10 grams per ten thousand shrimp, fed 5-6 times daily, increasing by 20-30% each day. Once the shrimp grow to 1.5-2 cm, they can be moved to the main rearing pond.
Stocking the Shrimp
Optimal Water Temperature
Penaeus vannamei should be stocked when the water temperature is between 20-30°C. Within this range, shrimp grow faster, are healthier, and have stronger disease resistance. Stocking should be done in the morning or evening on sunny days. Avoid exposing the seedlings to direct sunlight during midday or cloudy conditions during rainy weather. In our province, the ideal time for planting seedlings is in mid to late May.
Reasonable Stocking Density
If the pond conditions are good, with proper water flow, adequate aeration, and clean water, the stocking density can be set at 35,000-40,000 per mu, or even up to 50,000-60,000 per mu. This density allows for high yields while ensuring the shrimp reach the desired market size. Proper management is crucial to maintain health and productivity in such high-density environments.
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