(1) Inadequate drive belts: Small four-wheel tractors typically come with three V-belts, but some models may only use one or two of them at a time. When the tractor is in operation, increased load causes severe belt slippage, which not only reduces transmission efficiency but also lowers power output. This slippage leads to overheating, delamination, deformation, and accelerated wear of the belts. Therefore, it's important to avoid overloading the tractor when using the drive belts, as this can significantly shorten their lifespan.
(2) Neglecting the cooling system: The water tank of the tractor is usually open, making it easy for dust and debris to enter during operation and parking. Sometimes, it gets filled with dirty or hard water, causing impurities to settle over time. As these particles accumulate, they can form scale that blocks the cooling passages, impairing engine cooling. This leads to higher temperatures, thinner oil, and reduced lubrication performance, accelerating wear on moving parts. It can also cause expansion of components, affecting overall performance, reducing power, and potentially leading to serious issues like burned bearings, seized shafts, or stuck cylinders.
(3) Unauthorized modifications: Some operators make random changes to the tractor without considering the consequences, which can damage the original mechanical integrity. For example, increasing the diameter of the drive pulley to boost speed can lead to several problems. First, it alters the gear ratio, increases clutch speed, and creates more impact loads when the engine speed fluctuates, resulting in higher torsional vibrations and shorter clutch component life. Second, the larger contact area between the belt and pulley increases the risk of belt breakage and faster wear. Third, higher speeds reduce traction, creating risks during transport and climbing. Additionally, increased load raises temperatures, thins the oil, and makes it harder to form an oil film, which accelerates wear on the crankshaft and other engine parts. Lastly, it compromises the tractor’s handling and stability, increasing the likelihood of early wear on braking components due to ineffective stopping.
(4) Severe overloading: Some drivers frequently overload the tractor during transportation, putting excessive strain on the engine, transmission, and running components. This leads to increased temperatures, thinner lubricating oil, and reduced lubrication effectiveness. In emergency situations, the tractor may not stop within a safe distance, increasing the risk of accidents. Overloading also raises fuel consumption, causes black smoke from the exhaust, and promotes carbon buildup in the combustion chamber, which accelerates piston and cylinder wear.
(5) Improper traction start: Some tractors are started by pulling them with another vehicle. However, the high viscosity of the oil in the transmission and oil pan increases resistance, and when the clutch is engaged abruptly, it puts heavy stress on the gears. Repeatedly using this method can cause gear teeth to fracture due to fatigue. It is especially dangerous in cold weather, and this practice should be strictly avoided.
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