(1) Under-equipped drive belts: Small four-wheel tractors typically come with three V-belts. However, some models are designed to use only one or two of them at a time, especially when the belt is placed on top. When the tractor is in operation, the increased load causes the belt to slip significantly. This not only reduces the efficiency of power transmission but also lowers the output power. Moreover, excessive slipping leads to heat buildup, which can cause the belt to delaminate, deform, and wear out more quickly. Therefore, it's important to avoid overworking the belt system.
(2) Long-term neglect of the cooling system: The water tank opening of the tractor is usually positioned upwards, making it prone to collecting dust and debris during operation and when parked. In some cases, it may even be filled with dirty or hard water, allowing impurities to settle over time. As these particles accumulate, they can form scale that blocks the water passages, impairing the engine’s cooling ability. This results in higher engine temperatures, thinner oil, and reduced lubrication performance, leading to accelerated wear of moving parts. Additionally, thermal expansion can damage components, causing a drop in power and potentially leading to serious issues such as burned bearings, seized shafts, or stuck cylinders.
(3) Unauthorized modifications: Some drivers make random changes to the tractor without considering the consequences, which can damage the original mechanical integrity. For example, to increase speed, some install larger pulleys. This can lead to several problems: first, changing the pulley size alters the gear ratio, increasing clutch speed and creating more impact loads when the engine speed fluctuates, resulting in greater torsional vibrations and shorter clutch life. Second, the increased contact area between the belt and pulley makes the belt more prone to breaking and wearing out faster. Third, higher speeds reduce traction, increasing risks during transport and hill climbing. Finally, the increased load raises the engine temperature, thins the oil, and makes it harder for an oil film to form, accelerating wear on the crankshaft and other engine components. It also affects the tractor’s handling and stability, potentially causing premature wear on the braking system due to ineffective stopping.
(4) Severe overloading: Some operators frequently overload the tractor during transport, placing excessive stress on the engine, transmission, and running gear. This leads to higher temperatures, thinner lubricating oil, and reduced lubrication effectiveness. In emergency situations, the tractor may not stop in time, increasing braking distance and the risk of accidents. Additionally, fuel consumption rises, black smoke comes from the exhaust, and carbon deposits build up in the combustion chamber, further damaging pistons and cylinders.
(5) Improper traction and starting: Some tractors are started by being pulled, which increases resistance due to thick oil in the transmission and oil pan. When the clutch is engaged suddenly, the gears experience shock loads, and repeated use of this method can cause gear teeth to fracture from fatigue. This practice is especially dangerous in cold weather and should be strictly avoided.
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