Since the spring of this year, the rise in the prices of agricultural materials such as seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers, coupled with the drought conditions encountered in the North, poses a serious threat to timely spring planting, and has further increased the difficulty of plowing production and field management in the spring. According to investigations by relevant experts, at present, the drought-reducing spring maize in northern China needs to strengthen seed selection and fertilization on the basis of strengthening field management.
According to reports, during the crucial period of spring plowing and preparation for farming in the north, agricultural experts from the Ministry of Agriculture Science and Education Division, the Department of Crop Production and the nine northern provinces conducted research and inspections based on corn and soybeans in Jilin Province, and held the autumn harvest crops in the north. In accordance with the research situation and reports of preparations for spring planting in all provinces, the experts put forward corn production technical guidance plans and technical input for households.
The first is the treatment of seed selection and seed sowing. Experts recommend choosing suitable varieties according to the local conditions. In spring drought years and regions, attention should be paid to the selection of corn varieties that are resistant to low temperature at seedling stage, have strong seed vaulting ability, have fast grain filling and dewatering, and are more resistant to drought. The varieties with good low temperature tolerance and good early-onset resistance at seedling stage are strong in stress resistance and can fully utilize the pre-light-heat conditions; grain filling and dehydration can quickly avoid and reduce the impact of low-temperature early frost on yield. The drought-resistant varieties have stronger drought resistance and can produce more corn under the condition of the same amount of water. The dense and semi-compact varieties have higher water use efficiency than the sparsely-cultivated varieties and the water use efficiency is about 5%, and they are below the medium fertility and the saline-alkali plots. , should be planted dense, semi-premature and early-maturing drought-resistant varieties. In areas with high fertility, high levels of organic fertilizers and fertilizers, and irrigation conditions, under the condition of catching water in early spring, appropriate varieties with relatively late maturation can be selected. The selection of specific varieties is based on the varieties recommended by the local seed management department in the 2008 corn variety layout. The northeast region pays special attention to eliminating the need for planting in the remote areas.
Seed selection and drying before sowing ensure seed germination. Select the sun seeds to be selected uniformly, remove the abnormal grains, select the sunny days before sowing, three days after the seed coating, improve the germination potential, disease resistance and emergence of uniformity. The high vitality seeds with a purity of not less than 96%, a purity of not less than 98%, a germination rate of not less than 90%, and a water content of no more than 16% are selected. Germination test before sowing. Seed coating or germination treatment depending on the situation.
Seed coating: The use of drought-resistant compound seed coating agent to coat corn seed to prevent pests and diseases at seedling stage, enhance the vitality of the root system and its own resistance. Seed coating should be operated in strict accordance with the corn seed coating instructions. The corn germination seeds cannot be coated to prevent phytotoxicity. Germination: Seeds are soaked in water at 40°C for 2-3 days before sowing, and then removed by expelling the seeds at room temperature of 20-25°C for germination. After the seeds are whitened, they are placed in a cool, dry place. Sprouts after 6 hours.
Soil testing, formula fertilization, through the increase of agricultural fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with the application, increase potassium fertilizer and other methods, so as to achieve fertilizer transfer, so that water and fertilizer coordination, improve water use efficiency. The application of organic fertilizer not only can fertilize the soil, but also improve the physical environment of the soil and improve soil water retention capacity. It is appropriate to use 20-30 tons of hectares per hectare of organic manure. The application of potash fertilizer can reduce transpiration loss of plants. To improve the utilization of water and enhance the crop's own drought resistance. The deep application of chemical fertilizers is used to achieve seed and fertilizer isolation, avoiding the burning of seeds and young roots and affecting emergence.
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