I. Developing a Scientific and Rational Introduction Plan Before introducing new pigs, it is essential to create a well-structured and scientifically sound plan based on the specific conditions of the farm. This plan should include details such as the breeds of breeding pigs (Dabai, Changbai, Pietrain, Duroc), the origin of the breeding stock (original breeds, ancestors), and the number of introductions required to build a strong core group. It is crucial to select large-scale breeding farms that can supply healthy, disease-free, and high-quality pigs to ensure the success of the introduction process.
2. Pre-Introduction Preparations Prior to the arrival of new pigs, the isolation area must be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, and left empty for at least one week to minimize the risk of disease transmission. The isolation house should be located away from the existing herd to prevent cross-contamination. A designated loading area can be set up so that pigs are unloaded directly into a pit, reducing their contact with the outside environment and lowering the chances of introducing pathogens.
III. Selecting Gilt Criteria When selecting gilts, several key factors should be considered: 1. Weight should be under 60 kg, with clear breed-specific characteristics such as coat color, head shape, and ear type. 2. The udder should be well-developed, with evenly spaced and functional teats. Avoid gilts with inverted or non-functional teats. 3. The vulva should be large and sagging, indicating good reproductive health. Gilts with small or upturned vulvas may have underdeveloped reproductive systems.
IV. Selecting Boar Criteria For boars, the following features should be evaluated: 1. Testes should be symmetrical, of equal size, and clearly defined. Any abnormalities such as unilateral testes, cryptorchidism, or hydrocele should be avoided. 2. The prepuce should not show signs of excessive urine accumulation. 3. The boar should display strong male characteristics and robust limbs, indicating overall health and fertility.
V. Preparing Transport Vehicles After completing all necessary procedures, transport vehicles must be fully cleaned and disinfected before departure and upon arrival at the breeding farm. Use a 2%–3% caustic soda solution for washing, followed by thorough rinsing with clean water to avoid skin irritation in pigs. Add suitable bedding materials like sand or sawdust in the vehicle to prevent slipping. Ensure that the introduction quarantine and disinfection certificates are valid. During summer, provide clean drinking water and avoid using fruits, vegetables, or watermelon, which can cause digestive issues. Administer long-acting broad-spectrum antibiotics before transport to boost pig immunity. For agitated pigs, sedatives may be administered as needed.
VI. Post-Arrival Care Upon arrival, the pigs should be thoroughly disinfected with a mild disinfectant, washed with clean water, and then moved into the isolation house. Do not feed them for 12 hours to allow them to rest. Provide small amounts of clean water, possibly with oral rehydration salts or electrolyte cubes. After 12 hours, gradually introduce food, increasing the amount over 3–5 days. If pigs show mild symptoms like diarrhea, coughing, or fever, this is likely due to stress and not an immediate cause for alarm. To reduce stress-related diseases, add preventive medications like chlorogenic acid or chlortetracycline to the feed for two weeks. One week after arrival, perform necessary vaccinations (such as for swine pox, pseudorabies, and porcine parvovirus) based on local disease prevalence, field vaccination records, and blood testing results. Vaccinations should be spaced appropriately to avoid immune pressure. Additionally, apply insecticides twice before breeding, using products like ivermectin or abamectin. After four and a half months, mix feces from the original herd into the feed for the introduced pigs 3–4 times, or place the feces in the isolation area. Once no abnormalities are observed, the pigs can be safely moved to the production area.
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