Rice is a staple food crop that requires specific nutrient inputs for optimal growth and yield. For every 500kg of rice produced, the plant absorbs approximately 7.5 to 9.55kg of nitrogen (N), 4.05 to 5.10kg of phosphorus (Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…), and 9.15 to 19.1kg of potassium (Kâ‚‚O). The typical N:P:K ratio ranges from 2:1:2 to 2:1:4, depending on the variety and environmental conditions.
In addition to the major nutrients, rice also absorbs a significant amount of silicon—about 87.5 to 100kg per 500kg of grain produced. Silicon plays a crucial role in strengthening the plant’s cell walls, improving resistance to pests and diseases, and enhancing overall plant health. Therefore, in high-yield rice cultivation, it's important to return rice straw to the field or apply silicic acid-based fertilizers to replenish silicon levels in the soil.
The nutrient uptake pattern of rice varies throughout its growth cycle. During the seedling stage, nutrient absorption is relatively low. As the plant progresses into the vegetative phase, the demand for nutrients increases significantly. This continues until the heading stage, when the uptake reaches its peak. After that, as root activity declines, the absorption of nutrients gradually decreases.
Regarding specific nutrient uptake, nitrogen is most heavily absorbed during the tillering stage, accounting for up to 50% of the total seasonal requirement. Phosphorus is mainly taken up during the panicle development stage, with about 50% of the total phosphorus requirement met at this time. However, different rice varieties may show variations in nutrient uptake patterns. Potassium is most actively absorbed before heading, while its uptake drops significantly after this stage.
It's important to note that increased fertilizer application does not always lead to higher yields if the distribution of nutrients within the plant is imbalanced. Proper nutrient management is essential for healthy rice growth. In addition to the primary nutrients, rice also benefits from micronutrients such as iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum, and copper. These elements are vital for various physiological processes and should be included in the fertilization strategy to ensure balanced and sustainable production.
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