The author conducted surveys and statistics on several pig farms and found that such a law: piglets with fat feeds are well developed and have high disease resistance, especially for piglets with a lower birth weight.
1 Basic reasons why oils improve feed efficiency
(1) The inherent high-energy, easily-absorbed and easily-used properties of oils and fats; (2) Fats and oils can provide a large amount of fatty acids, especially essential amino acids, for monogastric animals, which have high energy content and are easily used by animals; (3) Oils can be increased Energy use of other components of the diet. It has been reported that the measured metabolisable energy of fat is the highest when it is added at 5%, and the addition of 10% and 15% decreases the metabolizable energy value.
2 Purpose and Role
Piglets have the characteristics of fast growth and strong metabolism, and have a high nutritional requirement for rations. With such high energy requirements, it is difficult to achieve a diet prepared mainly of corn and soybean cake. Therefore, it is necessary to add a certain percentage of oil. Experimental studies have confirmed that the addition of lipids to the diet of piglets improves the utilization of energy and protein, and the growth rate of piglets is significantly faster. Especially for piglets with a low birth weight, the effect is even more pronounced. In addition, fat can also reduce feed dust, reduce heat stress, improve feed flavor, improve feed appearance, and reduce body heat.
3 Grease types
Oil and fat feed includes animal and vegetable oils, animal oils such as lard, beef tallow, fish oil, etc. The metabolisable energy is more than 33.5 MJ per kilogram. In animal fats, the unsaturated fatty acid content in lard is higher than that in butter, and fish oil is cheap. Easy rancidity is not easy to save. Vegetable oils such as vegetable oil, cottonseed oil, and corn oil have low metabolic energy and are also 29.5 MJ per kilogram. In general, the best ratio of fat in piglet diets is: 10% to 15% in the early period and 5% to 6% in the later period. Practice has proved that the combination of vegetable oil and animal fat is better than single application. It is better to mix vegetable oil and animal oil in the ratio of 1:1 or 2:1. In our day-to-day production, the lard oil in the braised meat store and the lard as a by-product of the meat factory are the best cheap animal fats. The researchers mixed soybean oil and short-chain saturated coconut oil in a 21-day-old weaned pig diet and found that piglets fed with soybean oil and coconut oil had higher daily gain and feed compensation.
4 Add volume
The study found that 6% of animal fats were added to the weaned piglets diet, and the daily weight gain was increased by 21.4% within 5 weeks after weaning.
The test results show that there is an interaction between copper and fat in the daily gain of weaned piglets. Adding 2.5 to 5% of animal fats to diets containing high copper (250 mg/kg) can increase the weight gain of piglets within 2 weeks to 4 weeks after weaning; the addition of lipids per kilogram of 5 mg copper diet does not work.
5 Add usage method
Directly added: The grease is added to the feed in proportion. Because of the large viscosity of the oil, it needs to be heated and melted first, then added to the powder, mixed evenly, gradually expanded and diluted, and finally the rest of the remaining diet. Mix well. Do not add fats and premixes and additives at the same time, to avoid the formation of small particles of grease and these additives affect the uniformity of feed. The oil may be added first, and then the additives may be added after mixing thoroughly, or the oil may be added after adding the additives and mixing thoroughly.
After adding high oil, add the following: The comminuted corn is formulated into a high oil feed containing 10% or 20% of oil, and the ratio of corn and oil is added in an appropriate amount to complete the full price feed.
Spray addition: The sprayer can be used to evenly spray the grease onto the surface of the pellet feed. For conditional production of pellet feed, 30% of the added amount of fat can also be added to the pellet feed, and the other 70% is sprayed onto the surface of the pellets, thereby improving the palatability.
6 Problems to be aware of when using
Do not use deteriorated grease.
Heating and sterilizing, the oil should be tanned before use, one of which is to eliminate the bacteria in it to ensure feed safety, and the other is to facilitate mixing.
Pay attention to the balance of nutrition in the diet. After the oil is added, due to the increase of the energy level in the diet, other nutrients in the feed must be adjusted accordingly, especially to keep the protein energy ratio unchanged.
To supplement nutrients, one must add enough choline or methionine to prevent the occurrence of fatty liver due to poor fat metabolism. Choline should be added in an amount of 0.2% and methionine should be added in an amount of 0.15%. Second, to supplement zinc and selenium and other trace elements. Third, we must add enough vitamin E to improve the body's antioxidant capacity.
Storage time should not be too long, storage time is too long or stored in high temperature conditions prone to rancidity. In general, fat-containing feed should not be stored for more than 7 days in summer and not exceed 21 days in winter.
Antioxidants should be added to the feed and antioxidants can be added in amounts of 200 grams per ton to prevent rancidity.
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