First, the status of long-haired rabbit breeding
1. Breeding of rabbit breeds. (1) Rabbit market demand. At present, rabbit hair products, spinning high-count yarns, and making light and thin products are the direction. On the one hand, it meets the trend of lighter and lighter garments, and it is also easy to solve the three major problems of hair loss, pilling, and shrinkage of the original rabbit hair products. Therefore, the requirement for fineness is high. (2) Breed rabbit hair varieties suitable for the market. Through investigation, it has been found that the long-haired rabbits currently cultured have coarser fine hairs, mostly 16 to 17 microns in size. Therefore, the cultivation of rabbits cannot focus on improving the yield but should be based on the needs of the product. The requirement for the hair length is lower than the fineness. The rabbit hair of 3 to 4 cm in length can satisfy the requirement of spinning, and the rabbit hair of about 2 cm in length can be used for blending with cotton.
2. Determination of hair raising period. The hair raising period of the long-haired rabbits should be flexibly controlled according to the needs of the wool textile market. The authors determined the growth rate and fiber fineness of different hair-raising rabbits. The results showed that the growth rate of rabbits in the early period of hair growth (1 to 20 days) exceeded 1 mm/day, and the growth rate gradually decreased afterwards. In the 50-day hair-raising period, the length of rabbit hair can reach 35 mm, 60 days to nearly 40 mm, and 70 days of back rabbit hair can reach 50 mm. In actual production, the hair-raising period can be appropriately adjusted according to different local climate characteristics and market demand. From late spring to early summer, 50-70 days of hair-raising period is adopted, and rabbit hair can meet textile requirements.
3. Feed status. The bulk feedstuffs currently used in the production process are mainly corn, rice cakes, crop stalks, and some industrial by-products. With the increase in the amount of industrial corn and the increase in the demand for feedstuffs in the development of animal husbandry, the aquaculture industry is facing feed prices. The problems of rising prices, tight feed sources, and difficult to control feed quality, especially roughage, can hardly meet the needs of the production of long-haired rabbits. Therefore, unconventional feed must be developed. (1) Edible fungus residue. The residue of the fungus is the waste material after the consumption of the mushrooms. When the cultivation materials of the edible fungi are fermented by the microorganisms, some of the substances are degraded and can be appropriately added for the feed of livestock and poultry. Adding 10% to 15% to rabbit feed can reduce feed costs without affecting production performance. For example, as compared with wheat bran, the crude mushroom protein slag is slightly lower in crude protein and its crude fiber content is similar, but the bacterial residue is a fermented product of beneficial bacteria and contains more bacterial protein and non-protein nitrogen, which is more suitable for the digestion and utilization of rabbits. Completely replace wheat bran. However, due to the fact that the moisture content of the fresh slag is as high as 40% or more, the fresh slag must be quickly dried or dried in good weather conditions to reduce mildew and limit the development and utilization of fresh slag. Appropriately add moldy agent. (2) Apple crickets. Apple clams are pure natural and green feeds made from high-quality, fresh apples, selected, washed, pressed, dried, crushed and refined. Rabbit feed can be added 5% to 8%, rabbit feed can be added 10% to 20%. (3) Pine needle powder. Pine needle powder is made from the needles of Pinus massoniana and other tree species through a series of processes. Adding 5% to the rabbit's feed can significantly increase the hair density and increase the gross wool production by about 10%.
Second, breeding management and simplification technology
1. The construction of rabbit cages. At present, the rabbit cages used for breeding long-haired rabbits are mostly cement prefabricated. The cement prefabricated plates are used as the side and back plates of rabbit cages. The back plate is made with slits, small round holes, or by the back plate and the supporting plate. Ventilation between the gaps, in front of the installation of wire cage doors. This kind of rabbit cage is relatively strong, but it affects the ventilation effect before and after the rabbit cage, and it is not conducive to the control of respiratory diseases in rabbits.
It is recommended to use new materials to build rabbit cages. That is, the use of low-cost floor tiles to build a new type of rabbit cage. The side boards and the dung boards are made of 60cm, 60cm, 0.8cm (or 1.2cm) floor tiles, and the backboard and the front door are made of wire mesh. The cost of each cage is about 35 yuan. The rabbit cage is well ventilated front and rear, has a small footprint, and has a smooth surface on the tiles, which makes it difficult to hang hair and prevent the adjacent rabbits from biting each other.
2. Shearing method. The general method of shearing is to place the rabbit to be cut flat on the ground or on the operating platform. The shearing staff fixes the rabbit in one hand and cuts the hair in one hand. This method has a slow shearing speed and can easily cause shearing and shearing of rabbit hair. If you operate on the ground, the hair-cutting person's body maintains a posture for a long time, it is easy to fatigue, extremely unfavorable to the body, and seriously affects the shearing efficiency.
Adjustment of the shearing time of the lanugo: In order to avoid the double stress caused by shearing the weaned rabbits after weaning, the following measures can be taken to reduce the mortality of the weaned rabbits. In the cold season, the shearing time can be delayed to 70-80 days. At higher temperatures, the lanugo can be cut before weaning to avoid stress after weaning. Do not cut the lanugo once and cut it. You can cut back or abdomen first. After the hair on the sheared part grows, cut the other part.
Improvement of the shearing method: The traditional method of shearing is improved and called "hanging shearing method". The tools needed to prepare the method: a slightly finer wooden stick, a rope, a pair of special scissors for rabbit hair and a large woven bag. After preparing the above items, put the sticks on a high ground. Use a rope to cover the front legs of the rabbits and pry the other side of the ropes on a horizontal stick. The height of the sticks is determined by the height of the staff. When you are ready, roll the woven bag up and down. When cutting the hair, cut it from the head and the cut hair will automatically fall into the bag underneath. This eliminates the need to install rabbit hair, and the hair type will not be scattered, and the price is higher when sold. When cutting hair, the staff can stand or sit on the high bench. Skilled personnel use this method to cut hair faster. Using this method, skilled sheep shearers can save 3 to 5 minutes of shear time for each rabbit. All rabbits of all ages can use this method except for female rabbits that are nearing delivery. If individual rabbits scurry on the top, they can be put back in the rabbit house for a moment and then sheared. Hanging type shearing method shears the hair fast, the heavy cuts the hair to be few, does not damage the rabbit, not only may increase labor efficiency, but also may improve the rabbit hair quality.
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