First, planting fine varieties or changing the inferior ones
The newly established jujube gardens should be planted with good varieties, and mature jujube gardens should be replanted with fine varieties. This is the fundamental measure for improving the quality of jujube fruits. Can be planted or replanted with jujube varieties such as "Dongzao", "Zanhuangdazao", "Zihuazao", "Xiangzao", and "Zizaozao", "jinsixiaozao" and "nuclear-free jujube". Malian jujube and other jujube varieties. It is advisable to change the connection method to insert skin.
Second, to strengthen soil fertilizer management
1. Soil management: After harvesting, combined with autumn basal fertilizer deep-turning tree tray (20-30 cm deep), increase soil aeration and jujube tree absorption root quantity. Under the jujube tree, 10 cm thick crop straws or shrubs were planted to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, inhibit the growth of weeds, and increase soil organic matter content. Green manure between the jujube orchard, turned over after cutting, has the effect of increasing soil organic matter, improving soil, inhibiting weeds, and maintaining water and soil.
2. Fertilization: (1) Base fertilizer. Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. After the harvest of autumn dates, 667 square meters (1 mu) of high-quality organic fertilizer 5000 kg and 200 kg of diammonium phosphate are applied. It is advisable to fertilize with circular furrows or alternating parallel furrows. Apply pressure or radial fertilization. (2) Soil topdressing. 3 times a year: Before the first germination, 0.5-1 kg of urea per plant was used to promote germination, which was conducive to flower bud differentiation. In the second flowering stage, 1-2 kg of diammonium phosphate per plant was used to improve fruit setting. The efficiency of the rate; the third time in the young fruit dressing, each NPK compound fertilizer 1 to 2 kg, can promote fruit growth, improve fruit quality. You can dig 15-20 cm deep trenches on the outer edge of the canopy projection, or dig multiple small holes 50 cm away from the trunk within the tree tray. Apply water immediately after application and cover the soil. (3) foliar spray fertilizer. Each year during the growth period, it is sprayed once every 15 days or so, which can be combined with spraying. The pre-growth stage is dominated by nitrogen fertilizers (such as 0.3% urea), and the latter is dominated by phosphorus and potash fertilizers (such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and certain trace elements may be added as needed. Spraying should be done before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon in order to facilitate the absorption of leaves. The last spray should be harvested from the fruit for more than 20 days.
3. Moisture control: The time and frequency of irrigation in jujube gardens depends on soil moisture, but it must be watered before sprouting, early flowering, young fruiting and soil freezing. One month before fruit ripening, stop watering and pay attention to drainage. Every time after fertilization must be timely watering.
Third, flowering management
1. Open A: half flower bud stage (30% to 50% of the whole tree flowering) has the best effect of open armor, uniform fruit size, high yield, good quality, consistent fruit maturity. The opening of the armor is too early, and the fruit setting rate is low. The fruit is seriously harmed by the first generation of peach borer, and the fruit cracking rate is high when it is raining before harvesting. The opening armor is too late, the fruit is small, the yield is low, and the taste is light. A mouth width of 3 ~ 6 mm is appropriate, strong trees can be more broad, weak trees can be narrow, the weak trees should stop the open A tree. It is required that the width of the entire mouth be the same and there should be no gross furrows. In order to prevent the damage of gray-spotted larvae, 50 times parathion is immediately applied to the nail in the mouth after being opened. Wipe once every 5 days, wipe 3 to 4 times, and wipe it with mud after 15 to 20 days. . About 30 days after armoring, a complete healing of the mouth is normal. If it heals prematurely, it can be circumcised. If healing is too late, remedial measures should be promptly taken to promote healing.
2. Gibberellin spraying: Gibberellin with a concentration of 20 mg/l is sprayed 1 or 2 times after opening the flowering stage to increase the fruit setting rate. Gibberellin should not be sprayed too much, so as to avoid excessive fruit set-up and reduce fruit quality. Gibberellin should be first dissolved with a little alcohol or more than 50% white spirits and then diluted with water. Spray the canopy before 9am or after 5pm.
Fourth, science pruning
1. Dormant trim: (1) saplings. With light shearing as the main method, full use of the jujube head to cultivate the main lateral branch and the resulting branch group, in order to quickly expand the crown. (2) Adult trees. Remove cross-branches, overlap-branches, round-branches, and branches, thin and weak branches and leggy branches with no use value, so that the canopy sees light from above and below, sees light from top to bottom, and sees light from layer to layer. The penetrating branches of the apex should be retracted to strong stocks, strong buds or strong branching branches to rejuvenate the branches. The results are updated in a timely manner and the majority of the branches are maintained. (3) The old tree. Timely update rejuvenation.
2. Growth period trim: (1) wipe buds. The useless buds and tender shoots sprouted on the branches at all levels were erased in time. (2) Thinning. Timely elimination of new dates without use value. (3) Topping up. The jujube heads that were not used for the stem branches, extension branches, and fruiting branches were picked up. The weak jujube head lightly picks up the heart, and the strong jujube head weighs heavily; when the space is large, the heart is lightly picked and the space is heavy and the heart is picked up.
V. Timely prevention of pests and diseases
In the winter and spring, the hanging jujube, leaves, and rotten fruit will be collected and burned. Before germination, a total of 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur compounds are used to eliminate various wintering germs and pests. (1) Prevent disease. At the end of June, 1 spray of 70% Thiophanate-methyl was used to control anthrax, etc. In the middle and late July and early August, spray 1:2:200 of Bordeaux mixture to prevent rust, etc.; in late July, the fruit was harvested. In the first 20 days, streptomycin is sprayed every 10 days or so (6 to 10 kg per million water) and mixed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold or 70% manganese-manganese-zinc 1000 Double liquid, control of fruit disease, brown spot, rotten fruit disease and so on. When rust occurs, spray 20% triadimefon EC 1000 times every 5 days and spray 2 or 3 times. (2) Pest control. Prevention of Zaozhi, can be sprayed 25% diflubenzuron 1000 ~ 2000 times or 50% phoxim 1000 times or 50% malathion 1000 times when jujube bud grows about 3 cm long, jujube bud length 5 ~ 8 When centimeters spray 2.5% enemy killed 2000 times liquid or 2.5% kung fu 2000 times liquid. The control of green-blind stink bug can be sprayed once every 7~10 days from the bud to the initial flowering period. It can spray 10% imidacloprid 2500 times liquid, 2.5% kung fu 2000 times liquid, or 50% malathion 1000 times liquid. +2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times solution; if the flower buds are seriously affected, spray can be added to the liquid (5 ml sprayed with water, 40 kg), and 0.5 kg of urea can be applied to the water to promote the jujube Hanging grows and differentiates into new buds.
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