Bacterial blight of rice is one of the most important diseases in rice production. Bacterial blight of rice is commonly known as white leafhopper, which is one of the major diseases on rice and is a quarantine disease. Bacterial blight of rice mainly damages the leaves, causing the plants to adjust to wilt to death. The impact on the yield of rice is greater. Once the rice bacterial blight occurs, it can generally reduce production by about 10%, and severely reduce production by 50% to 60%, or even 90%. .
symptom:
(1) Leaf margin type: The lesions are mostly from the tips of the leaves and the margins of the leaves. They are dark green water-stained at the beginning and extend to short-streak spots. Then they extend up and down along the leaf margin or midrib and expand into long-striped spots. Directly to the leaf base or leaf sheath, the sick and healthy part of the sector is clear and wavy, and the stripe turns from gray to brown to white, hence the name of the leaf blight;
(2) Acute type: The leaves are gray-green, such as boiling water, like hot, due to the rapid loss of water curled inwards inwards, the upper part of the leaves are more common. The acute type mainly occurs in multi-fertilizer cultivation, susceptible varieties, and temperature and humidity are extremely conducive to disease development. The appearance of acute symptoms indicates that the disease is developing rapidly;
(3) withered type: also known as dry heart type, more common in some high-intensity varieties. Often 15 to 25 days after transplanting, the rice plants show symptoms of childbirth. The first leaf under the heart or leaf of the diseased plant first showed dehydration and green roll, which resembled the chilling heart and eventually withered, and then the other leaves successively wilt. The main stems and tillers of rice seedlings can all be infected and eventually die, leaving a large number of dead plagues in rice fields. The disease department often overflowed with a large number of bacteria and pus. The leaf sheath or base of the stem was necropsied and squeezed by hand. The yellow bacteria rushed out. The microscopic examination showed that the vascular bundle was full of bacteria.
Disease characteristics
Xanthomonas oryzae mainly overwinters on rice seeds, rice straw, and rice piles and is found in nearby soils. Sowing of diseased valleys, germs can invade through the roots and the coleoptiles of the seedlings. The pathogenic bacteria on the rice straw and rice piles seep into the water stream when they encounter rainwater. The seedlings are exposed to the carrier water, and the bacteria invade into the rice body from the water hole and wound. Straw germination with diseased rice, covering seedlings, barbs, and other favorable diseases spread. Due to the low temperature and the low bacterial count, paddy rice fields generally do not see symptoms until they emerge before and after the panicles. The pus on the lesion can be re-infested by wind, rain, dew, and leaf contact. The pathogens are caused by host water hole and wound invasion. High temperature and rain, floods are the most prevalent disease diseases; improper management of fertilizers and water, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, deep-water irrigation, string irrigation, flood irrigation or rice fields, are easy to induce disease epidemics; more susceptible to disease.
Prevention points: Adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control†to do a good job in agricultural prevention and control. Based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, under the premise of reducing the source of bacteria, we should pay close attention to fertilizer and water management, supplemented by chemical control, and focus on Putian. Water slurry management and chemical control.
1. Using disease-resistant varieties, select suitable local disease-resistant products or leave seeds from disease-free areas and disinfect seeds.
2, strengthen the cultivation and management. Rational fertilization and shallow water ground irrigation, enhanced rice disease resistance force drainage and irrigation separately, timely field drying; Shizu base fertilizer, early application of top dressing, avoiding too late, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application.
3. Prevent human transmission of germs. It is necessary to apply pesticides after the dew has dried, and strictly prevent the application of dew when it is sprayed; when spraying, follow the principle of preventing disease-free areas first, and then preventing minor diseases, and finally prevent the disease from spreading artificially.
Chemical control:
1. In the early onset of Daejeon and at the heading stage, spray 20% Ye Kuning wettable powder, 100 g/mu, 50 kg water, or 5% sputum poisoning EC 300-500 times.
2. For the diseased area and the surrounding areas that are not affected, 25% of Ye Muling (Ye Qingshuang) 100g or 70% of Ye Kuangjing 100-150g of water to 50 kg of water spray, 3-5 days after spraying, even spray three times .
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