Safflower harvesting and processing

Safflower harvesting and processing

(Shandong Heze City Runkang Chinese Medicine Institute Li Hongjun Pang Mei Zhang Haitao)

In the month of June, Chinese herbal medicines grown in various parts of China entered the annual harvest season. Because of its unique shape and distribution of buds and its medicinal parts, there is currently no mechanism that can replace artificial harvesting. Only manual harvesting with both hands, and then adopting the correct production method (dry operation), produce safflowers that meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. commodity. Therefore, in order to make friends and farmers more convenient, timely, correct, and fully collect safflower, it is possible to adopt scientific and practical origin processing technology. The relevant technical personnel of the Runkang Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Heze City, Shandong Province, according to the practice in field production Experience, it is proposed to write this article for the reference of medicine and farmers friends.

Safflower is a safflower, which is an annual or perennial plant of the Asteraceae family. It is used for medicinal purposes and for eating dried seeds and dried seeds. The inflorescence of safflower is a medicine for gynecology. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving swelling, and relieving pain. Indications include menopause amenorrhea, uterine bleeding, and bruises. Safflower is a natural pigment and dye in addition to its medicinal properties. Safflower seeds contain 20% to 30% of safflower oil, which is an important industrial raw material and edible health oil. Safflower is mainly produced in Henan, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hebei, Xinjiang, Anhui, and Shandong. In recent years, Yunnan, Guangxi, and other provinces in the southwest of China have been introduced and cultivated in 2003. After nearly a decade of rolling development, It has developed into another major new production area; in addition, sporadic planting is also happening in most parts of the country.

“Each species grow yellow wheat and safflower wheat are both busy.” This is a farmer who has been circulated in Huanghuai region for planting safflower medicine farmers. This farmer also explained that the time of safflower harvesting is approaching. This is only representative of the Huanghuai region. The safflower growers are harvested early or late in other production areas, and they are not the same; for example, in Yunnan, Guangxi, etc., due to the early sowing time, short frost-free period or frost-free period, the winter can grow slowly, so the year of the Yu Harvesting is carried out from March to May. Of course, there are sowing late and harvesting in June; in Xinjiang and the northwest region, the soil can only be sowed after thawing in the spring, and harvesting is harvested from July to September of that year.

"The flowers are ripe and the silkworms fall for a while." The harvest time of the safflowers is very tight. Early harvesting is not easy to pick, but also seriously affects the yield and quality. The produced safflower is pale in color, light in weight, low in oil content or free of oil. After the flower fails to harvest, the inflorescences stick together and do not spread. The processed safflower has a dark and dull color, and the running oil is severe and the quality is poor. The most suitable harvest time for determining safflower is that, in the field where safflower grows, occasional single plants or single buds are found, indicating that the entire Daejeon safflower is about to enter the harvest period. At this time, be prepared. Manpower, ready to collect safflower tools (usually based on the length of the field, prepared bamboo baskets or other inflorescences, and lower newspapers; in order to facilitate the picking, you can also bundle a bag around the waist, each picking the ground, the bag The inflorescence is placed on the ground.) After 2-3 days, most buds in the field are in full bloom. The first inflorescences emanated from the middle of the top of the buds, ranging from 6 to 14 roots, 2-3 cm in length and yellow in water. On the second day, the inflorescences gradually changed from yellow to red from top to bottom. At this time, the red flowers were harvested. The best time is to step up picking in batches. When harvesting, use the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger of one hand to gently pinch the lower part of the inflorescence at the top of the flower buds. Turn to one side and lift it up. The inflorescence is easily picked. Each batch of picking is only when the inflorescence is changed from yellow to red. When the inflorescence is yellow, it does not turn red, but it does not fall. Each flower bud generally emits three inflorescences, the first batch accounting for 60% of the total production, and the second and third batches each accounting for 20%. Each batch is separated by 3-5 days, so the safflower is from the beginning to the end of flowering, usually about 15-20 days. The flowering safflower inflorescence immediately entered the mature stage of seed filling (followed by the foliar fertilizer applied outside the root, which can increase the yield of safflower seeds by 20%). After most of the safflower leaves are yellow and wither, they can be harvested. Safflower seeds; small areas planted, can be used to cut the whole plant with a trowel, dried, threshing (can not be used rolling); large-scale planting, the best harvester harvesting wheat, can be harvested after appropriate adjustments, The harvested safflower seeds are clean, non-broken, mildew-free, of good quality, and of high efficiency, dried and dried, and can be sold.

The inflorescences of safflowers should be scattered immediately after they are harvested and dried (dried). It is best to dry them in the field with harvesting. The method is: according to the size of the planting area, a shade shed is erected on the ground before harvesting. The scaffolding can be based on its own local raw materials. The bamboo and wood structure can be used; the shade shed is 1.2 meters wide and 1.8 meters high, and the length is not limited to 1.8. In the meter height, a layer of 30 cm is placed on each floor, and nylon screens are placed under the layers; cement tiles or other rain-proof sunscreen materials are installed on the upper part of the shed. The harvested safflowers should be spread immediately on the scaffolds, with a thickness of about 2 cm. They should not be too thick. Under the condition of low air humidity and about 3 winds, the water in the inflorescence will evaporate within 2-3 days. . The drying standard for safflower inflorescences is that they can basically be clumped by holding the inflorescences. When they loosen their hands, they can all be spread out and they can be packed in sealed plastic bags, which can be sold. The safflower products processed by this method have bright color, high content of active ingredients, good quality and heavy weight, and can guarantee true high yield and quality.

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