On the basis of applying basic fertilizer, cultivating strong seedlings, and timely transplanting, the following measures should be taken to promote early growth and strong seedlings before winter.
Seedlings and seedlings require early seedlings and dilute seedlings. The principle of mastering is to stay thin and thin, stay weak and strong, and adjust the distance between the plants to maintain uniformity. Usually two sub-seedlings, the first time when the first true leaf appears after the seedlings, the leaves do not overlap between the leaves; the second time the seedlings in the second true leaf occurs. At the third leaf stage, the seedlings were planted. The density of seedlings was determined according to the late sowing of the rapeseed, the length of the seedlings, and the growth condition of the seedlings. Generally, the seedling distance was kept 7 to 10 cm. A small amount of seed can be planted only once.
Early application and full-fertilization tests showed that 15 days of nitrogen deficiency or 25 days of phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage reduced canola yield by 27.4% and 27.1%, respectively. After 5 days of transplanting, the ratio of top dressing was 20 days after transplanting. An increase of 24.3% per acre shows that it is necessary not only to apply Miaofei but also to apply it early to promote the early emergence of oilseed rape. Fertilization should be based on the characteristics of the seedlings need to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, follow the first light after the thick, from less to more, based on the principle of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In dry areas and years, fertilization should be carried out in combination with watering, that is, top dressing with water and fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer used at the seedling stage should account for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer such as urea twice. For transplanting rapeseed, in addition to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice, topdressing with wax fertilizer should also be followed. For live rapeseed, fertilizer should be topdressed once during the first seedling and after seedling establishment. In addition to topdressing N fertilizers, it is also necessary to pay attention to topdressing phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus deficiency can affect flower bud differentiation and root development. In addition, attention should be paid to the supply of boron fertilizer during the seedling stage. Rapeseed is a crop that is sensitive to boron. In addition to the lack of boron, it can cause rape to be unreal, but it can also lead to the death of rape, which is unfavorable for the entire seedlings and seedlings to overwinter. Double-low rapeseed is especially sensitive to boron, and more attention should be paid to the application of boron fertilizer. The method is to spray 0.1-0.2% borax solution 100 kg per acre, and choose sunny morning or evening before spraying.
Drought-Relief Drainage China's rapeseed-producing areas have little rain in winter, especially in the Huang-Huai District and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Autumn and winter are more arid, so there is a farmland with “winter water is the life of rapeâ€. When the relative humidity of the soil (maximum water holding capacity in the field) is less than 70%, the lower leaves of the rape are red, the whole plant is dull green, or the noon leaves are wilting, and irrigation should be carried out immediately to promote early drought resistance. When the drought is light, it can be combined with straw seedlings and watered to resist drought. When the drought is severe, furrow irrigation can be carried out. The number of watering should be determined according to the seedling condition and the soil texture. The sandy soil has poor water retention performance, and there is more leakage, and it can be watered more properly. The clay has good water retention performance and can be watered appropriately. It also depends on regional conditions, such as Huanghuai rape production area, in the autumn and winter and return to green water 5 to 6 times. When flooding, avoid flood irrigation, so as to avoid flooding rape, soil compaction, affecting the development of the roots, the formation of stiff seedlings does not occur. In areas and years where there is more rain, it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of the ditch and reduce the water table.
The principle of early soil loosening and ground loosening should be mastered in the cultivating and ripping tillage of arbitral loose soil, and measures such as fertilizing and cultivating roots should be taken. The time, frequency, and depth of cultivating loose soil should be based on the growth of rapeseed, soil conditions, climate characteristics, and weed growth. For live rapeseed, two or three true leaves appear after the whole seedlings, and the first cultivator is combined with the seedlings and the top dressing. When there are 4 to 5 true leaves, the second cultivator is combined with the fixed seedlings and the top dressing, and then at low temperatures. Cultivate again once before coming. For transplanting rapeseed, the first cultivator should be used in combination with topdressing after the seedlings are returned to green, and then cultivating one or two times before winter. In addition, after each watering and rainfall, cultivator loosening should also be carried out in due course. The depth of the cultivator should be shallow and deep first, avoid excessive rooting, that is, the first cultivator shallow, the second, the third cultivator deep. Paddy field can be slightly cultivated in rapeseed, prosperous rape cultivator should also be properly deepened, in order to cut off part of the root system, control the growth of aboveground parts, so that seedlings become strong seedlings. However, in colder winter regions and regions, in order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not suitable for deep cultivating. When cultivating loose soil, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of cultivated earth to enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed.
Chemically controlled rapeseeds were timely controlled after the 3-leaf stage, and 15% of the paclobutrazol WP was sprayed with 40-50 g of water and 40 kg per mu. Be careful not to increase the amount of paclobutrazol at will, do not re-spray or spray. After spraying paclobutrazol, the rhizomes of rapeseed were thickened, the leaves were thickened, and the photosynthesis was enhanced, which was conducive to enhancing the resistance to cold and stress of rapeseed.
1. Fertilizer amount: The fertilization amount of rape is generally 13 kg to 15 kg nitrogen per mu, 4 kg to 6 kg phosphorus, 5 kg to 7 kg potassium, equivalent urea 33 kg to 38 kg, superphosphate 28 kg to 37 kg, Potassium sulfate 10 kg to 14 kg.
2. Fertilization time: (1) Base fertilizer: Apply soil before sowing. If basal fertilizer is lacking, it can be used as seed dressing or cover fertilizer application. Generally about 15 kg of urea per acre. (2) Top-dressing: The first stage of application of Miaofei, the first time after the seedlings of live rape, the second time in the Dingmiao Shi. Transplantation of rapeseed was carried out for the first time when the seedlings survived, and the second time when the plants grew from 3 to 5 new leaves. The first time was to add 5% of water to the plant and the second time to combine with Zhongyue. The second stage is fertilizer, which is applied before convulsions. Fertilizer and manure should be determined depending on the growth and development of the crop. If no fertilizer is available, it may not be applied to prevent lodging of the plants.
Seedlings and seedlings require early seedlings and dilute seedlings. The principle of mastering is to stay thin and thin, stay weak and strong, and adjust the distance between the plants to maintain uniformity. Usually two sub-seedlings, the first time when the first true leaf appears after the seedlings, the leaves do not overlap between the leaves; the second time the seedlings in the second true leaf occurs. At the third leaf stage, the seedlings were planted. The density of seedlings was determined according to the late sowing of the rapeseed, the length of the seedlings, and the growth condition of the seedlings. Generally, the seedling distance was kept 7 to 10 cm. A small amount of seed can be planted only once.
Early application and full-fertilization tests showed that 15 days of nitrogen deficiency or 25 days of phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage reduced canola yield by 27.4% and 27.1%, respectively. After 5 days of transplanting, the ratio of top dressing was 20 days after transplanting. An increase of 24.3% per acre shows that it is necessary not only to apply Miaofei but also to apply it early to promote the early emergence of oilseed rape. Fertilization should be based on the characteristics of the seedlings need to gradually increase the amount of fertilizer, follow the first light after the thick, from less to more, based on the principle of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In dry areas and years, fertilization should be carried out in combination with watering, that is, top dressing with water and fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer used at the seedling stage should account for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer such as urea twice. For transplanting rapeseed, in addition to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice, topdressing with wax fertilizer should also be followed. For live rapeseed, fertilizer should be topdressed once during the first seedling and after seedling establishment. In addition to topdressing N fertilizers, it is also necessary to pay attention to topdressing phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus deficiency can affect flower bud differentiation and root development. In addition, attention should be paid to the supply of boron fertilizer during the seedling stage. Rapeseed is a crop that is sensitive to boron. In addition to the lack of boron, it can cause rape to be unreal, but it can also lead to the death of rape, which is unfavorable for the entire seedlings and seedlings to overwinter. Double-low rapeseed is especially sensitive to boron, and more attention should be paid to the application of boron fertilizer. The method is to spray 0.1-0.2% borax solution 100 kg per acre, and choose sunny morning or evening before spraying.
Drought-Relief Drainage China's rapeseed-producing areas have little rain in winter, especially in the Huang-Huai District and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Autumn and winter are more arid, so there is a farmland with “winter water is the life of rapeâ€. When the relative humidity of the soil (maximum water holding capacity in the field) is less than 70%, the lower leaves of the rape are red, the whole plant is dull green, or the noon leaves are wilting, and irrigation should be carried out immediately to promote early drought resistance. When the drought is light, it can be combined with straw seedlings and watered to resist drought. When the drought is severe, furrow irrigation can be carried out. The number of watering should be determined according to the seedling condition and the soil texture. The sandy soil has poor water retention performance, and there is more leakage, and it can be watered more properly. The clay has good water retention performance and can be watered appropriately. It also depends on regional conditions, such as Huanghuai rape production area, in the autumn and winter and return to green water 5 to 6 times. When flooding, avoid flood irrigation, so as to avoid flooding rape, soil compaction, affecting the development of the roots, the formation of stiff seedlings does not occur. In areas and years where there is more rain, it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of the ditch and reduce the water table.
The principle of early soil loosening and ground loosening should be mastered in the cultivating and ripping tillage of arbitral loose soil, and measures such as fertilizing and cultivating roots should be taken. The time, frequency, and depth of cultivating loose soil should be based on the growth of rapeseed, soil conditions, climate characteristics, and weed growth. For live rapeseed, two or three true leaves appear after the whole seedlings, and the first cultivator is combined with the seedlings and the top dressing. When there are 4 to 5 true leaves, the second cultivator is combined with the fixed seedlings and the top dressing, and then at low temperatures. Cultivate again once before coming. For transplanting rapeseed, the first cultivator should be used in combination with topdressing after the seedlings are returned to green, and then cultivating one or two times before winter. In addition, after each watering and rainfall, cultivator loosening should also be carried out in due course. The depth of the cultivator should be shallow and deep first, avoid excessive rooting, that is, the first cultivator shallow, the second, the third cultivator deep. Paddy field can be slightly cultivated in rapeseed, prosperous rape cultivator should also be properly deepened, in order to cut off part of the root system, control the growth of aboveground parts, so that seedlings become strong seedlings. However, in colder winter regions and regions, in order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not suitable for deep cultivating. When cultivating loose soil, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of cultivated earth to enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed.
Chemically controlled rapeseeds were timely controlled after the 3-leaf stage, and 15% of the paclobutrazol WP was sprayed with 40-50 g of water and 40 kg per mu. Be careful not to increase the amount of paclobutrazol at will, do not re-spray or spray. After spraying paclobutrazol, the rhizomes of rapeseed were thickened, the leaves were thickened, and the photosynthesis was enhanced, which was conducive to enhancing the resistance to cold and stress of rapeseed.
1. Fertilizer amount: The fertilization amount of rape is generally 13 kg to 15 kg nitrogen per mu, 4 kg to 6 kg phosphorus, 5 kg to 7 kg potassium, equivalent urea 33 kg to 38 kg, superphosphate 28 kg to 37 kg, Potassium sulfate 10 kg to 14 kg.
2. Fertilization time: (1) Base fertilizer: Apply soil before sowing. If basal fertilizer is lacking, it can be used as seed dressing or cover fertilizer application. Generally about 15 kg of urea per acre. (2) Top-dressing: The first stage of application of Miaofei, the first time after the seedlings of live rape, the second time in the Dingmiao Shi. Transplantation of rapeseed was carried out for the first time when the seedlings survived, and the second time when the plants grew from 3 to 5 new leaves. The first time was to add 5% of water to the plant and the second time to combine with Zhongyue. The second stage is fertilizer, which is applied before convulsions. Fertilizer and manure should be determined depending on the growth and development of the crop. If no fertilizer is available, it may not be applied to prevent lodging of the plants.
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