Bonsai soilless cultivation is a method of planting bonsai plants in certain inorganic substrates and periodically irrigating the nutrient solution. Compared with traditional soil cultivation, soilless cultivation of bonsai has many advantages and will become an important symbol of the modernization of bonsai production.
1. The advantages of bonsai soilless cultivation
(1) The bonsai soilless cultivation can make bonsai plants grow fast and have high quality, which can accelerate the formation of bonsai plants.
(2) Non-toxic, odorless, clean and sanitary, making the bonsai more suitable for indoor decoration, which will help bonsai into millions of households.
(3) Create favorable conditions for the export of bonsai. Since many countries such as the United States, Japan, Australia, and the Netherlands do not allow soil-borne plants to enter the country, the soil-less cultivation of bonsai can enable bonsai to pass through quarantine inspections and facilitate export.
(4) The bonsai soilless cultivation can save the cumbersome work of turning over pots and also make the handling light.
(5) Facilitate mass production of bonsai in the factory.
2. Soilless cultivation method of bonsai
(1) Selection of Substrates
The commonly used substrates for soilless cultivation of bonsai are vermiculite, perlite, sand, gravel, etc., and the matrix is ​​preferably mixed and used. The commonly used mixed matrix is ​​vermiculite: perlite:sand=1:1:1. If there is a lack of stability after planting, the proportion of sand may be appropriately increased. If necessary, it may be used to press the roots, press the surface, or fix the phytoseibor with wire.
(2) Preparation and Watering of Nutrient Solution
The most commonly used nutrient solution formula is Zhu Shiwu (1988). Its composition is: 0.8 g of calcium nitrate, 0.4 g of potassium nitrate, 0.25 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 mg of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and sodium sulfate. Iron 15 mg, manganese sulfate 4 mg, boric acid 6 mg, zinc sulfate 0.2 mg, copper sulfate 0.1 mg, ammonium molybdate 0.2 mg. The chemicals were dissolved in 1000ml tap water.
The pH of the nutrient solution prepared in the above formula was adjusted to 6.0 and diluted 100-fold before use. The first irrigation of the nutrient solution must be poured, and the dipping method is preferred. After the appropriate amount of nutrient solution once a week, once dormant period of about 20 days.
(3) Promote cultivation under rain conditions to reduce nutrient loss. Usually, watering is better with tap water, slightly dry or poured.
(4) When there is soil cultivation and soilless cultivation, special attention should be paid to the disinfection of pots and plants so as not to bring the soil pests into soilless cultivation.
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