Understory grass-raising beef cattle are forest lands with younger trees or canopy density (the ratio of canopy cover and ground surface area) below 0.7, and they are planted with different kinds of high-quality pastures, such as alfalfa, ryegrass, and lume. Fox, white clover, etc., and stocking or feeding cattle in woodland. This technology is easy to grasp and is one of the important modes of ecological rearing. The market for beef cattle reared with this technology is promising.
Under the forest grass can regulate the temperature and humidity of the ground, and can effectively promote the growth of trees. The establishment of forest and grass compound vegetation can relieve soil erosion and play a role in preventing wind and soil, reducing water erosion, and resisting natural disasters. After the pasture is cut, the beef cattle can be fed directly, or the hay can be dried or processed into grass powder to solve the overwintering forage of the beef cattle, which reduces the cost of raising the livestock and facilitates the raising of the breeding households.
What problems should be paid attention to understory grass-raising beef cattle? The reporter invited Wei Chengbin, a researcher of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to give an introduction for everyone.
Reporter: What issues should be paid attention to when using pasture?
Wei Chengbin: First of all, pasture is more suitable for use before heading and flowering. At this time the forage grass is in a period of high growth, high yield, rich in protein, vitamins, crude fiber, low lignin content, good palatability, easy to digest. Prior to this, the grasses were low and the amount of grass production was small, which was not conducive to beef cattle feeding and artificial harvesting, and it was not conducive to the regeneration of forage grasses. Missing the flowering period, the pasture grows old. Although the pasture production is high, the palatability, digestibility, and nutritional value are greatly reduced. Second, we must make reasonable use of pastures, establish a strict grassland management system, and implement zoning and rotational grazing.
Reporter: Feeding beef cattle with forage grasses is cheap, and beef cattle also like to eat. Some farmers use forage grass to fatten beef cattle. Is this a good way to fatten beef cattle?
Wei Chengbin: This is a wrong way. Because the grass has a large moisture content and a large volume, the beef cattle have a sense of satiety after eating, but the intake of dry matter and other nutrients is insufficient, which is not conducive to the growth of beef cattle and does not achieve the goal of rapid weight gain.
Reporter: In the mountainous areas in our province that are returning farmland to forests and grasslands, what methods should be adopted to rapidly fatten beef cattle?
Wei Chengbin: First, grazing plus feed, the second is simply feeding fattening. The former method is simple and easy to implement and is suitable for areas where there are sparse forests, grasslands, and labor shortages. During the day, fattened beef cattle are allowed to feed freely and feed concentrates at night. The latter method is suitable for planting areas where understory grasses and young trees are interplanted with forage grass. Beef cattle are house-fed and fed throughout the day, and a sufficient amount of pasture is fed every day, and concentrate feed is appropriately added. Special beef cattle breeding farms or big cattle farmers usually use this method.
Reporter: How should the number of beef cattle be determined when grazing and fattening?
Wei Chengbin: The number of beef cattle should be based on the economic capacity of farmers, the supply of concentrate feed, and the area of ​​grassland. Generally, one household raises 5 to 20 heads, and the large number of herds can easily lead to overgrazing and it is also not conducive to grazing management.
Reporter: What issues should be paid attention to when grazing?
Wei Chengbin: Put the pasture away from the place of residence not more than 3 kilometers to facilitate feeding. If the grassland is too far away, a temporary simple barn should be established and water should be available on the pasture or on the way to ensure that the beef cattle drink water. According to the growth of forage grass and the situation of being eaten, the grazing site is changed regularly to ensure that the beef cattle are full and that no overgrazing occurs. Try to get the beef cows to return home early. The grazing time should reach 8 hours a day. At noon, the beef cattle should be ruminated under the shade of trees nearby. One day, the beef cattle should eat 2 to 3 times full. It is necessary to fully understand the characteristics of forage grass in the pasture and provide reference for formulation of formula for fine feed. Preventive measures should be taken for pasture that can cause poisoning. In terms of disease prevention and control, cattle for grazing and fattening should strengthen prevention and control of parasitic diseases both in vitro and in vivo.
Reporter: How should concentrate feed be prepared?
Wei Chengbin: It should be based on local feed resources, prices, and palatability, and we must make full use of local cheap agricultural and sideline products. Usually, energy content accounts for 70%~75%, protein content accounts for 25%~30%, and salt accounts for 1%~2%. For example, concentrates made from cottonseed cake and bean cake can be formulated according to the ratio of corn 55%, wheat bran 18%, cottonseed cake 16%, bean cake 9%, and salt 2%.
Reporter: What are the requirements for feeding amount and feeding time?
Wei Chengbin: The amount of supplements generally does not exceed 1% of the body weight of beef cattle. Too low can't reach the purpose of fast fattening. If the amount is too high, it can affect the feed intake of beef cattle during grazing and increase the cost of raising. The time for supplementing the concentrate feed should be 2 to 3 hours after grazing.
Reporter: What issues should be paid attention to when feeding beef concentrates?
Wei Chengbin: At the beginning of feeding the concentrate feed, it should gradually increase the amount of feed so that the digestive system of beef cattle can gradually adapt. Don't change the formula of supplemental concentrate once it is determined. Frequent changes to the formula will also affect the digestive system of beef cattle and affect the fattening effect. When the raw material is changed, there must be a transition period of 7 to 10 days so that the beef cattle are gradually suitable.
When feeding quantitative concentrates, it is necessary to chop the beef cattle so that some beef cattle do not eat enough, and some beef cattle eat too much. A sudden overfeeding of beef concentrates in beef cattle can cause rumen food accumulation and acidosis.
Reporter: What should you pay attention to when housing and fattening?
Wei Chengbin: First feed the roughage and feed the concentrate. Feed twice a day, 8 to 10 am and 6 to 8 pm each time. Feeding concentrated feeds requires quantification. Feeding roughages allows beef cattle to feed freely. Conditions allow cows to enjoy the sun, moderate exercise, and brush the body of cattle, which will greatly help the growth of beef cattle.
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