First, the planting of Hemp walnut trees
1. The appropriate time for planting is from March to mid-April. After the soil is thawed, the shoot buds will germinate. Early planting is easy to survive and take root deeply. The choice of land should be based on the specific requirements for the growth and development of walnuts for the environment. The best choice for the site is the flat land and gently sloped land in Xiangyang. The soil is suitable for sandy loam soil and the soil layer above 1 meter is required. The groundwater level is less than 2 meters above the surface. The planting area should be leveled and matured to prevent alkali and flooding. In the mountains, fish scale pits can be repaired first, and then the tree plates can be gradually expanded. Before the planting, you must dig a large pit and apply enough base fertilizer. The correct method for digging pits is to dig a large pit 80 to 100 cm square, open top soil and bottom soil, and apply a round of organic manure (50 to 100 kg) to each tree. When filling the tree pits, first fill in the topsoil and the base soil, then fill in the bottom soil, fill the edges and practise, and then fully water the plants and wait until they are planted.
2. For the cultivation of finished seedlings, pure and excellent varieties should be selected, and the most outstanding ones at present are the “white lion headâ€, the “lion's head on the bottom of the nest,†and the big official hat, etc. The planted seedlings must have a well-developed root, complete lateral roots, and no pests and diseases. There are many fibrous roots, strong branching force, and flower buds are easy to form. If you plant seedlings, you must plant them the same year, so that the survival rate after grafting is high and there is no injury.
Second, hemp walnut tree grafting
1. Scion selection. Before choosing the scion, you should choose the mother tree of the ear, and the mother tree of the ear should be a tree with good growth and no pests and diseases. The criteria for the qualified cuttings are 8 cm in length and 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter on the mother tree. The branches grow robustly, develop well, have a small pith, and are free from pests and diseases. The time for scion collection should be within 5 days before and after the fall of leaves, or before the bud sprouts in the spring. After the scion was collected, the wax seal was cut and stored in a bunker below 60 cm.
2. Selection of rootstocks. Choosing rootstocks should be based on the ecological conditions of the cultivated area to determine the appropriate type of stock. Such as in the mountains there are pieces of walnut pods and edible walnut trees to replace the high head, the effect is good. Grafting sites (anvil stakes) are mostly lateral branches or secondary lateral branches, and the anvil cross section is less than 8 cm. The tree with more than 10 centimeters of trunk is best to choose 3 to 5 anvil grafts to disperse the wound flow, and the survival rate is relatively high. Such as grafting in situ trees, it is best to cut off roots to prevent injury flow, affect the survival rate.
3. Grafting time. The grafting time of Hemp walnut trees varies according to the regional climatic conditions. All localities should decide on the specific grafting period based on the actual situation in the region. Generally, they will be conducted in March. When the rootstock germinates to the leaf stage (after 10 days of the Ching Ming Festival), the growth begins to accelerate, the scion is not peeled off, there is little or no injurious flow, which is conducive to the formation and survival of the callus, and is suitable for inserting the tongue or inserting the skin. Then. If the nursery is grafted, it should be suitable for Green branches in the period from early May to early June.
4. Grafting method.
劈 : :: Suitable for rootstocks that are older, thicker (more than 4 cm in diameter) and large trees. Selected rootstocks. From the base, the anvil will be sawn and cut at a distance of 30 cm. The kerf will be cut. The knife will be cut into the middle of the rootstock. The depth will be about 5cm. Each side of the scion will be cut with a symmetrical bevel, 4~5cm long, and then the cutting surface will be quickly inserted. In the rootstock sip, it is advisable to expose 3 to 7 cm of the oblique surface of the scion, and form a close fit between the scion. If the scion is finer than that of the rootstock, the outer layer must be aligned. The skin on the side of the scion should be retained, and then tightly tied with a plastic strip to maintain the humidity of the interface to facilitate healing. This method of grafting is suitable for early access, and the cortex of the scion is not separated from the cortex.
Plug skin tongue connection: This method is suitable for 3 ~ 5 cm tender saplings, easy to peel off, choose white and smooth at the saw cut off, flattened saw cut, cut the old scoop at the cutting scion, length 5 ~ 7 cm, width 1 About centimeters, exposed cortex. Cut the scion into six to eight centimeters long noodles, the depth exceeds the medullary heart, and then beveled to ensure that the entire incline is thinned and thick. Use your fingers to pinch the cuticle behind the cortex to separate it from the xylem, then insert the xylem of the scion. Between the xylem and the cortex of the rootstock, the scion of the scion is placed on the cut surface of the rootstock, and finally the joint is tied with a plastic strip. Pay attention not to water before connection, or to saw the root stocks before the first 10 days, so as to avoid too much bleeding fluid to reduce the survival rate.
Plug the skin: First sawing the rootstock, flattening the saw cut, in the smooth place of the rootstock, draw a knife vertically from top to bottom, deep to the xylem, about 2 cm long, Shun knife edge with the tip of the knife to open the cortex. The cutting method of the scion is to cut one side into large noodles and to exceed the central pith part, and to incline 6 to 8 centimeters in length, and insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock so that the two cortical layers are connected and the plastic strips are used. Wrap it well. In order to avoid excessive bleeding fluids, the above methods can be used to dry or drain water, or to take root and other measures.
III. Spring Management of Hanging Fruit Trees
1. Water and fertilizer. From March to April, the Hemp walnut tree began to sprout, sprouting and branching. In almost one month, the growth and development processes such as sprouting, branching, leaf spreading and flowering need to be completed. At this time, it is also in the spring drought and rainy season in the north, which should be combined with fertilization and irrigation.
2. For trees entering the fruiting period, before the spring sprouting, the main branches and auxiliary branches may be subjected to flowering and sprouting. The method of carving is to shoot every other two buds on both sides of the shoot and to inscribe a bud in different directions.
IV. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
1. Spring is mainly harmful to sucking pests. It can spray 20% to 5000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder before sprouting in spring from March to April. Scrape off the main skin and expose the white skin. Two semicircles are staggered. The width is 5 to 10 cm. Apply 40% dimethoate cream 5 to 10 times.
2. Walnut rot disease occurs in the spring and autumn in the middle of the year, especially in mid-April to mid-May. The trees with debilitating or freezing damage are susceptible to the disease. Can be combined with scraping the old skin and lesions, coated with 100 times the liquid phase of Fukmi liquid.
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